Tsei ahebuu he nilee srɔtoi haa tsɔɔmɔi ni he hiaa ni akɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni tsei amli nibii tsakeɔ amɛhe amɛhaa lɛ mlitsɔɔmɔ, shi amɛ gbalɛi titrii lɛ kã he esa akɛ aka amɛ akwɛ. Biɛ, wɔkɛ tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) mlipɛimɔ ni bɛ hiɛdɔɔ tsu nii koni wɔkɛtao tawa ni egbɔjɔ lɛ mli nibii ni jɛ tsei aŋkroaŋkroi amli kɛtee gbɔmɛi ayibɔi kɛ kooloi ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa lɛ anɔ, ni wɔtsu mass spectrometric nibii babaoo ni damɔ spectra ni yɔɔ saji lɛ amli lɛ ahe nii. Gbɛjianɔtoo ni akɛkaa gbalɛi titrii ni kɔɔ hebuu ni hi fe fɛɛ (OD) kɛ otii ni tsiɔ ehe (MT) tsɔɔmɔi lɛ akwɛɔ. Saji ni kɔɔ tsei amli tsakemɔi ahe lɛ kɛ OD tsɔɔmɔ lɛ kpãa gbee, shi ekɛ MT tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbalɛ titri ni kɔɔ tsofafeemɔ mli tsakemɔi ni kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ kɛbaa lɛ kpãa gbee. Kɛjɛ sutsakemɔ sɛkɛl bibioo lɛ nɔ kɛyashi nɔ wulu lɛ nɔ lɛ, ana jasmonate okadi lɛ akɛ eji nɔ titri ni tsɔɔ OD, yɛ be mli ni ethylene okadi lɛ haa hetoo ni hi jogbaŋŋ ni kɔɔ jwɛi-yelɔi pɔtɛɛ ni MS/MS molecular network lɛ tsɔɔ mli lɛ he.
Nibii krɛdɛɛi ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli ni yɔɔ srɔtoi lɛ ji nibii titri ni kɛ amɛhe woɔ tsei lɛ atsakemɔ mli kɛyaa shihilɛ mli, titri lɛ yɛ henyɛlɔi ahebuu mli (1). Naakpɛɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ tsofa mli tsakemɔi ni anaa yɛ tsei amli lɛ eha afii nyɔŋmai abɔ niiamlipɛimɔ ni mli kwɔ yɛ ebɔɔ nii ahe nitsumɔi babaoo he, ni efee tsei ahebuu susumɔi babaoo, ni ji sutsakemɔ kɛ shihilɛ mli hiɛyaa yɛ tsei kɛ kooloi ateŋ nifeemɔi amli. Nibii amlitaomɔ ni akɛ niiashikpamɔ tsuɔ he nii lɛ kɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ ni he hiaa haa (2). Shi kɛlɛ, nɛkɛ tsei ahebuu he nilee nɛɛ nyiɛɛɛɛ gbɛ ni sa ni ji hypothetical deductive reasoning lɛ sɛɛ, ni gbalɛi titrii lɛ yɛ mlipɛimɔ ŋwɛi gbɛhe kome nɔ (3) ni aka amɛ akwɛ yɛ shikpamɔ mli koni akɛya hiɛ yɛ tsɔɔmɔ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli (4). Technical husui tsiɔ saji anaabuamɔ naa kɛyaa metabolic kui pɔtɛɛ komɛi anɔ ni ejieɔ metabolites pɔtɛɛi amlipɛimɔ ni mli kwɔ kɛjɛɔ mli, ni no tsiɔ kui ateŋ nɔtomɔi ni he hiaa kɛha theoretical development lɛ naa (5). Metabolomics he saji ni mli ka shi faŋŋ ni bɛ kɛ shika ni akɛtoɔ nitsumɔ ni kɔɔ metabolic he lɛ he yɛ tsei akui srɔtoi ateŋ lɛ tsiɔ jeŋ nilee ni yaa hiɛ yɛ ŋmɔ lɛ mli lɛ naa.
Nibii heei ni eba yɛ tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) metabolomics lɛ mli lɛ baanyɛ atsɔɔ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli kɛ amɛteŋ lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ, ni abaanyɛ akɛ kɔmpiuta gbɛi afata he koni akɛbu bɔ ni nɛkɛ nibii ni akɛfutuɔ nii ni mli wawai nɛɛ yɔɔ ha lɛ he akɔntaa. Nilee ni yɔɔ tsofafeemɔ he dani eba (5). Teknɔlɔji ni etee hiɛ ni akɛtoɔ he yɛ niiamlipɛimɔ kɛ kɔmpiuta nɔ lɛ haa gbɛjianɔtoo ni he hiaa kɛha be kakadaŋŋ mli kaa ni kɔɔ gbalɛi babaoo ni bɔɔ nii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli kɛ sutsakemɔ he nilee ni kɔɔ niyenii ni tsakeɔ yɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ feɔ lɛ he. Shannon (6) kɛ saji ahe nilee ba klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa yɛ e-seminal niŋmaa lɛ mli yɛ afi 1948, ni ekɛ shishitoo mla ha saji amlipɛimɔ yɛ akɔntaabuu mli, ni akɛtsu nii yɛ nibii babaoo amli fe bɔ ni akɛtsu nii shishijee lɛ. Yɛ genomics mli lɛ, akɛ saji ahe nilee etsu nii yɛ omanyeyeli mli koni akɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni saji ni ato he gbɛjianɔ lɛ fa ha (7). Yɛ transkriptomics niiamlitaomɔ mli lɛ, saji ahe nilee lɛ pɛiɔ tsakemɔi fɛɛ ni baa transkriptom lɛ mli lɛ mli (8). Yɛ niiamlitaomɔ ni eho lɛ mli lɛ, wɔkɛ akɔntaabuu gbɛjianɔtoo ni kɔɔ saji ahe lɛ tsu nii kɛtsɔɔ metabolomics mli koni wɔkɛtsɔɔ metabolic he nilee ni yɔɔ fãji ni yɔɔ tsei amli lɛ mli (9). Yɛ biɛ lɛ, wɔkɛ MS/MS-based workflow lɛ kɛ akɔntaabuu gbɛjianɔtoo ni kɔɔ saji ahe nilee lɛ he lɛ feɔ ekome, ni ajieɔ lɛ kpo yɛ metabolic srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ shika ni afɔɔ namɔ mli lɛ mli, koni wɔkɛ gbalɛi titrii ni kɔɔ tso hebuu tsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ metabolome ni herbivores tsirɛɔ lɛ he lɛ ato he.
Nibii ni kɔɔ tsei ahebuu he lɛ ji nɔ ni kɛ amɛhe woɔ mli ni abaanyɛ aja mli awo kui enyɔ mli: mɛi ni bɔɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni tso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ mlijaa lɛ damɔ hebuu nitsumɔi anɔ lɛ mli, tamɔ hebuu ni hi fe fɛɛ (OD) (10), nɔ ni tsiɔ ehe (MT) (11) ) Kɛ bɔ ni mechanical (12) theory of changes of mechanicals in, ni yɔɔ lɛ saa tsei lɛ adalɛ kɛ nibii pɔtɛɛ ni haa mɔ he waa lɛ anaabuamɔ he, tamɔ carbon: niyenii ni haa mɔ hewalɛ lɛ he susumɔ (13), dalɛ he susumɔ (14 ), kɛ dalɛ kɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ mli lɛ he susumɔ (15). Shishitsɔɔmɔi enyɔ lɛ yɛ mlipɛimɔ ŋwɛi gbɛhei srɔtoi (4). Shi kɛlɛ, susumɔi enyɔ ni kɔɔ hebuu nitsumɔi ahe yɛ nitsumɔ mli lɛ yeɔ sanegbaa ni kɔɔ tsei ahebuu kɛ nɔ ni anyɛɛɛ atsu he nii lɛ he lɛ nɔ: OD susumɔ, ni susuɔ akɛ tsei kɛ amɛshika woɔ amɛ tsofai ni jara wa lɛ amli kɛji ehe miihia pɛ, nɔkwɛmɔnɔ, be mli ni amɛyeɔ amɛhe kɛji jwɛi kooloo ko tutua, no hewɔ lɛ, bɔ ni ebaanyɛ eba lɛ, taakɛ nitsumɔ ni akɛha (10); MT susumɔ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, gbɛtsɔɔmɔ ko bɛ ni tsɔɔ bɔ ni metabolite lɛ tsakeɔ, shi metabolite lɛ tsakeɔ yɛ gbɛ ni ejaaa nɔ, ni no haa anyɛɔ atsuɔ nii Obstruct metabolic “motion target” ni tutuaa kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ. Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, nɛkɛ susumɔi enyɔ nɛɛ gbaa gbalɛi ni teɔ shi woɔ amɛhe yɛ bɔ ni gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni tsakeɔ lɛ tsakeɔ ni baa yɛ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ atuatsemɔ sɛɛ lɛ he: wekukpaa ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni tsakeɔ lɛ ni abua naa yɛ gbɛ kome nɔ ni yɔɔ hebuu nitsumɔ (OD) kɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli tsakemɔi ni bɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ (MT) (11 ) lɛ ateŋ.
OD kɛ MT susumɔi lɛ kɔɔɔ tsakemɔi ni ajieɔ lɛ kpo yɛ metabolome lɛ mli lɛ pɛ he, shi moŋ nɔ ni jɛɔ shihilɛ mli kɛ sutsakemɔ mli baa kɛjɛɔ nɛkɛ metabolites nɛɛ anaabuamɔ mli baa lɛ hu he, tamɔ adaptive costs kɛ sɛɛnamɔi ni jɛɔ nɛkɛ metabolic tsakemɔi nɛɛ amli baa yɛ shihilɛ pɔtɛɛ ko mli (16). Eyɛ mli akɛ susumɔi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ yɔseɔ bɔ ni tsofai ni tsakeɔ nii amli lɛ tsuɔ nii amɛhaa, ni baanyɛ afee nɔ ni jara wa loo ejara waaa moŋ, shi gbalɛ titri ni haa srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ OD kɛ MT susumɔi lɛ ateŋ lɛ damɔ bɔ ni tsofai ni tsakeɔ nii amli lɛ tsakemɔi ni baa lɛ yaa nɔ ehaa lɛ nɔ. OD tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbalɛ lɛ ená shikpamɔ he jwɛŋmɔ fe fɛɛ kɛbashi amrɔ nɛɛ. Nɔ ni fata kaai nɛɛ ahe ji nibii ni kɔɔ fãji srɔtoi ni yɔɔ ŋmɔji amli kɛ adebɔɔ mli shihilɛi amli lɛ ahebuu nitsumɔi ni yɔɔ tɛ̃ɛ loo nɔ ni bɛ tɛ̃ɛ lɛ ahe nikasemɔ, kɛ agbɛnɛ tsakemɔi ni baa tsei lɛ adalɛ mli lɛ he nikasemɔ (17-19). Shi kɛlɛ, kɛbashi amrɔ nɛɛ, yɛ nitsumɔ gbɛjianɔtoo kɛ akɔntaabuu gbɛjianɔtoo ni bɛ kɛha jeŋ muu fɛɛ nibii amlipɛimɔ ni mli kwɔ ni kɔɔ nibii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli lɛ amli lɛ hewɔ lɛ, srɔtofeemɔ titri ni yɔɔ susumɔi enyɔ lɛ ateŋ (ni ji, nibii amli tsakemɔi lɛ agbɛtsɔɔmɔ) lɛ kã he eji nɔ ni esa akɛ aka akwɛ. Biɛ lɛ, wɔkɛ mlipɛimɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ haa.
Nɔ kome ni sa kadimɔ waa yɛ tsei amli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ahe ji amɛhe ni amɛyɔɔ lɛ mli srɔtofeemɔ ni fe fɛɛ yɛ ŋwɛigbɛ fɛɛ kɛjɛ tsei komekomei anɔ, amɛyibɔi kɛyashi tsei srɔtoi ni tamɔ amɛhe lɛ anɔ (20). Abaanyɛ ana tsakemɔi babaoo ni baa yɛ metabolites krɛdɛɛi amli lɛ yɛ gbɔmɛi ayibɔ mli, yɛ be mli ni srɔtofeemɔi ni mli wa ni yɔɔ su mli lɛ fɔɔ kaa yɛ bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi lɛ amli (20). No hewɔ lɛ, tsei amli nibii ni tsakeɔ amɛhe lɛ ji nɔ titri ni haa amɛtsuɔ nii, ni etsɔɔ bɔ ni amɛnyɛɔ amɛtsakeɔ amɛhe amɛhaa ŋmeii srɔtoi, titri lɛ ŋmeii ni kooloi krɛdɛɛi kɛ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi ni afɔɔ amɛ namɔ lɛ baanyɛ abatutua amɛ lɛ (21). Kɛjɛ be mli ni Fraenkel (22) shishijee niŋmaa ni kɔɔ yiŋtoi ni haa tsei amli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ yɔɔ lɛ he lɛ, abuɔ nifeemɔi ni akɛ kooloi srɔtoi feɔ lɛ akɛ eji halamɔ mli nɔnyɛɛi ni he hiaa waa, ni aheɔ ayeɔ akɛ nɛkɛ nifeemɔi nɛɛ ji nɔ ni ha tsei lɛ fee amɛhe yɛ sutsakemɔ beaŋ. Gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ atsuɔ nii (23). Srɔtofeemɔi ni yɔɔ bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi ateŋ yɛ bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi ni yɔɔ srɔtoi lɛ amli lɛ hu baanyɛ ajie gbɔmɔtsoŋ shihilɛ ni kɛ tsei ni yɔɔ shishitoo kɛ nɔ ni anyɛɛɛ atsu he nii lɛ ahebuu kɛjɛ ŋmɔshi nibii ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ ahe lɛ kpo, ejaakɛ bei pii lɛ, bɔɔ nii enyɔ lɛ kɛ amɛhe bɛ tsakpaa ko ni ehiii (24). Eyɛ mli akɛ sɛɛnamɔ baanyɛ aba akɛ aaakwɛ hebuu kpakpa nɔ be fɛɛ be moŋ, shi tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ be ni sa mli ni kɛ hebuu baa lɛ haa sɛɛnamɔi ni yɔɔ faŋŋ yɛ tsei ni aŋmɛɔ amɛ gbɛ koni amɛkɛ nibii ni jara wa aha gbɔmɔtsoŋ nibii krokomɛi ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ mli (19, 24), ni amɛtsiɔ amɛhe kɛjɛɔ symbiosis he hiamɔ he. Nɔ ni fiteɔ (25). Kɛfata he lɛ, nɛkɛ tsakemɔi ni kɔɔ metabolites krɛdɛɛi ni kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ kɛbaa lɛ ahe lɛ baanyɛ aha gbɛfaŋnɔ ni fiteɔ nii aba yɛ gbɔmɛi ayibɔ lɛ mli (26), ni ebaanyɛ ejie adebɔɔ mli tsakemɔi wuji ni yɔɔ jasmonic acid (JA) okadi lɛ mli lɛ akanemɔi tɛ̃ɛ kpo, ni baanyɛ ahi gbɔmɛi ayibɔ lɛ mli. JA okadii ni nɔ kwɔ kɛ nɔ ni baa shi lɛ ji jarayeli ni ka hebuu kɛjɛ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi kɛ akaŋshii ni akɛ kooloi srɔtoi pɔtɛɛ komɛi feɔ lɛ teŋ (27). Kɛfata he lɛ, gbɛi krɛdɛɛi ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ baafite oya ni etsake yɛ sutsakemɔ be mli, ni no baaha metabolite mlijaa ni yɔɔ srɔtoi yɛ kooloi ni bɛŋkɛ amɛhe kpaakpa lɛ ateŋ aba (28). Abaanyɛ ato nɛkɛ polymorphisms nɛɛ ahe gbɛjianɔ oya yɛ hetoo ni akɛhaa jwɛi-yelɔi akutsei ni tsakeɔ lɛ amli (29), ni tsɔɔ akɛ jwɛi-yelɔi akutsei lɛ amli tsakemɔ ji nɔ titri ni tsirɛɔ metabolic heterogeneity.
Biɛ lɛ, wɔtsu naagbai ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ ahe nii tɛ̃ɛ. (I) Te kooloo ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ feɔ tɛŋŋ etsakeɔ tso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ? (Ii) Mɛni ji saji titrii ni kɔɔ metabolic plasticity he ni abaanyɛ asusu he koni akɛka be kakadaŋŋ mli hebuu tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he gbalɛi lɛ akwɛ? (Iii) Kɛji akɛ esa akɛ afee tso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ekoŋŋ yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ srɔto nɔ kɛha mɔ ni tutuaa lɛ lɛ, kɛji nakai ni lɛ, mɛɛ gbɛfaŋnɔ tso lɛ mli tsofa ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ tsuɔ yɛ tsofa pɔtɛɛ ko ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ he gbɛjianɔtoo mli, ni mɛɛ nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ yeɔ ebuaa ni ehaa tso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔ̃ɔ ehe lɛ feɔ nɔ pɔtɛɛ? (Iv) Akɛni gbalɛi ni hebuu he nilee babaoo kɛhaa lɛ baanyɛ agbɛ ashwã wala mli fãji lɛ fɛɛ amli hewɔ lɛ, wɔbi bɔ ni metabolic hetoo ni kɛbaa lɛ yaa nɔ ehaa kɛjɛɔ mligbɛ nɔtomɔ mli kɛyaa bɔɔ nii ateŋ nɔtomɔ mli? Kɛha enɛ feemɔ lɛ, wɔkase tawa nicotine lɛ baai lɛ ahe nii yɛ gbɛjianɔtoo naa, ni ji tso ko ni yɔɔ shihilɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ waa, ni etsuɔ ​​nii jogbaŋŋ eshiɔ kooloi enyɔ ni yeɔ jwɛi, Lepidoptera Datura (Ms) ( Ehe wa waa, ni ayeɔ titri) yɛ Solanaceae littorap a (worliston co) lɛ nɔ. “genus”, kɛ Solanaceae tsei ni ji gbɔi lɛ kɛ gbɔi krokomɛi ni ji genera kɛ wekui krokomɛi Tse niyenii. Wɔpɛi MS/MS metabolomics spectrum lɛ mli ni wɔjie saji ahe nilee mli akɔntaabuu mlitsɔɔlɔi koni wɔkɛto OD kɛ MT tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ahe. Bɔɔ shikpɔŋ ahe mfoniri pɔtɛɛ ko ni baajie metabolites titrii lɛ akpo. Akɛ mlipɛimɔ lɛ tee N. nasi kɛ tawa henɔi ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa lɛ amli bii lɛ anɔ koni akɛpɛi srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ tso mli tsofa ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ kɛ OD ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ teŋ lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ.
Bɔni afee ni wɔmɔ shikpɔŋ he mfoniri fɛɛ ni kɔɔ plasticity kɛ structure ni leaf metabolome ni ji tawa ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ mli lɛ he lɛ, wɔkɛ tsutsu mlipɛimɔ kɛ akɔntaabuu nitsumɔ gbɛjianɔtoo ko tsu nii koni wɔkɛbua nibii ni yɔɔ ŋwɛi ŋwɛi ni ji MS/MS spectra ni jɛ tsei amli nibii ni ajieɔ lɛ amli lɛ anaa ni wɔjie nɔ ni yɔɔ faŋŋ ( 9 ). Nɛkɛ gbɛ ni srɔtofeemɔ bɛ mli nɛɛ (ni atsɛɔ lɛ MS/MS) baanyɛ afee nɔ ni bɛ sɛɛkuu, ni no sɛɛ lɛ abaanyɛ akɛtsu nii kɛha nɔ ni yɔɔ mli lɛ mlipɛimɔi fɛɛ ni atsɔɔ mli yɛ biɛ lɛ. Nɛkɛ tso mli nibii ni ajie lɛ kpo nɛɛ ji henɔi srɔtoi, ni nibii ohai kɛyashi akpei abɔ yɔɔ mli (aaafee 500-1000-s/MS/MS yɛ biɛ). Yɛ biɛ lɛ, wɔsusuɔ tsɔne ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ he yɛ saji ahe nilee lɛ mli, ni wɔsusuɔ tsɔne ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ mli srɔtofeemɔi kɛ nitsumɔ he nitsumɔ ni damɔ Shannon entropy ni ji tsɔne ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ mlijaa lɛ nɔ lɛ he. Kɛtsɔ fɔmula ni akɛtsu nii tsutsu lɛ nɔ (8), wɔbu nibii ni tsɔɔ akɛ abaanyɛ akɛtsu nii kɛtsɔɔ metabolome sɔrɔtoi (Hj okadi), metabolic he saji ahe nitsumɔ (δj okadi) kɛ metabolite pɔtɛɛ ni kɔɔ metabolite kome he (Si okadi) lɛ he akɔntaa. Kɛfata he lɛ, wɔkɛ Relative Distance Plasticity Index (RDPI) lɛ tsu nii koni wɔkɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni ŋmeii ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ nyɛɔ amɛfeɔ amɛnii amɛhaa lɛ mli (Mfoniri 1A) (30). Yɛ nɛkɛ akɔntaabuu gbɛjianɔtoo nɛɛ mli lɛ, wɔkɛ MS/MS spectrum lɛ tsuɔ nii akɛ shishijee saji ahe gbɛjianɔtoo, ni wɔtsuɔ MS/MS lɛ falɛ ni fa lɛ he nii wɔwoɔ shikpɔŋ he mfoniri ni akɛjaa shii abɔ lɛ mli, ni no sɛɛ lɛ wɔkɛ Shannon entropy tsuɔ nii kɛbuɔ metabolome srɔtoi lɛ ahe akɔntaa kɛjɛɔ mli. Asusuɔ metabolome lɛ he nitsumɔ lɛ he kɛtsɔ MS/MS spectrum kome mli srɔtofeemɔ lɛ nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, MS/MS klas komɛi babaoo ni yaa hiɛ yɛ jwɛi ni ayeɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ tsakeɔ efeɔ spectral inducibility, RDPI kɛ specialization, ni ji, δj index lɛ mliyaa, ejaakɛ ajieɔ metabolites krɛdɛɛi babaoo kpo ni ajieɔ Si index ni nɔ kwɔ kpo. Hj diversity index lɛ shibaa lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, MS/MS ni ajieɔ lɛ kpo lɛ ayibɔ baa shi, loo bɔ ni atsɔɔ mli shii abɔ lɛ mlijaa lɛ tsakeɔ yɛ gbɛ ni bɛ ekomefeemɔ nɔ, yɛ be mli ni ehaa nɔ ni bɛ faŋŋ lɛ fɛɛ baa shi. Kɛtsɔ Si index akɔntaabuu lɛ nɔ lɛ, abaanyɛ ajie MS/MS ni jwɛi-yelɔi komɛi tsirɛɔ lɛ kpo, nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ enɛ lɛ, MS/MS ni haaa induction lɛ hetoo, ni ji nɔ titri ni tsɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ MT kɛ OD gbalɛ mli.
(A) Akɔntaabuu mlitsɔɔmɔi ni akɛtsuɔ nii kɛhaa tsofa-kɛ-ŋma (H1 kɛyashi Hx) MS/MS data-inducibility (RDPI), srɔtofeemɔ (Hj index), srɔtofeemɔ (δj index) kɛ metabolite pɔtɛɛ (Si index). Nɔyaa ni yaa hiɛ yɛ tsɔsemɔ mli (δj) tsɔɔ akɛ, kɛ aja mli lɛ, abaajie tsofai ni yeɔ jwɛi pɔtɛɛi babaoo kpo, yɛ be mli ni srɔtofeemɔ ni baa shi (Hj) tsɔɔ tsofai ni tsakeɔ loo nibii ni tsakeɔ yɛ shikpɔŋ he mfoniri lɛ mli lɛ mlijaa ni baa shi. Si sɛɛnamɔ lɛ kwɛɔ kɛji akɛ metabolite lɛ ji shihilɛ ko pɔtɛɛ (yɛ biɛ, jwɛi-yelɔ) loo nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ nakai lɛ, akwɛɔ nɔ yɛ gbɛ kome nɔ. (B) Mfoniri ni kɔɔ hebuu tsɔɔmɔ he gbalɛ ni akɛ saji tsɔɔmɔ axis tsuɔ nii. OD tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gba akɛ jwɛi ni yeɔ nii lɛ atuatsemɔ baaha hebuu mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ aya hiɛ, ni no baaha δj aya hiɛ. Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Hj baa shi ejaakɛ atoɔ saji ahe gbɛjianɔ ekoŋŋ kɛyaa bɔ ni gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni tsakeɔ lɛ ahe saji ni bɛ faŋŋ lɛ baa shi lɛ nɔ. MT tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbaa akɛ, kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ atuatsemɔ lɛ baaha tsakemɔi ni jeee gbɛtsɔɔmɔ aba metabolome lɛ mli, ni no baaha Hj aya hiɛ akɛ nɔ ni tsɔɔ bɔ ni metabolic he saji ni bɛ shiŋŋ lɛ yaa hiɛ ni ehaa Si mlijaa ni baa trukaa lɛ baa. Wɔkɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ni efutu hu ha, MT ni hi fe fɛɛ, ni mli lɛ, nibii komɛi ni yɔɔ hebuu sɛɛnamɔi ni nɔ kwɔ lɛ baaya hiɛ titri (Si sɛɛnamɔ ni nɔ kwɔ), yɛ be mli ni ekrokomɛi jieɔ hetooi ni baa trukaa kpo (Si sɛɛnamɔ ni baa shi).
Kɛtsɔ saji ahe nilee mlitsɔɔlɔi anɔ lɛ, wɔtsɔɔ OD tsɔɔmɔ lɛ shishi koni wɔtsɔɔ akɛ tsofa-kɛ-ŋma ni jɛɔ tsofa-kɛ-ŋma mli tsakemɔi krɛdɛɛi amli baa yɛ shihilɛ ko ni bɛ mli lɛ mli lɛ baaha (i) tsofa-kɛ-ŋma mli nibii pɔtɛɛ ni yaa hiɛ (Si index) ni kudɔɔ tsofa-kɛ-ŋma mli nibii pɔtɛɛ (δj index) nibii ni haa tsofa-kɛ-ŋma mli nibii krɛdɛɛi komɛi yaa hiɛ (δj index) Nɔ ni yaa hiɛ yɛ) tsofa-kɛ-ŋma mli nibii krɛdɛɛi komɛi akui ni hiɛ defense ni nɔ kwɔ ( index) yɛ tsakemɔ ni baa metabolic frequency mlijaa lɛ mli kɛyaa leptin gbɔmɔtso lɛ mlijaa babaoo mli lɛ hewɔ. Yɛ tsɔne kome ni tsakeɔ nii lɛ shishi lɛ, akpaa Si mlijaa ni ato he gbɛjianɔ lɛ gbɛ, he ni tsɔne lɛ baaha Si jara lɛ aya hiɛ yɛ bɔ ni ekɛbuɔ ehe lɛ naa lɛ naa (Mfoniri 1B). Yɛ nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ lɛ, wɔtsɔɔ MT tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli koni wɔtsɔɔ akɛ miishɛɛ baaha (i) tsakemɔi ni jeee gbɛtsɔɔmɔ aba yɛ nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ amli ni haa δj index lɛ baa shi, kɛ (ii) Hj index lɛ nɔyaa yɛ nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ni yaa hiɛ lɛ hewɔ. Aloo nɔ ni baa trukaa, ni abaanyɛ atsɔɔ Shannon entropy mli yɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ mli lɛ mli. Yɛ nɔ ni kɔɔ nibii ni haa mɔ he waa lɛ ahe lɛ, MT tsɔɔmɔ lɛ baatsɔɔ bɔ ni Si lɛ mlijaa lɛ baajɛ mli aba lɛ mli. Kɛji akɛ wɔsusu he akɛ metabolites komɛi yɛ shihilɛi pɔtɛɛ komɛi amli yɛ shihilɛi pɔtɛɛ komɛi amli, ni shihilɛi krokomɛi hu bɛ shihilɛi pɔtɛɛ komɛi amli, ni amɛhebuu sɛɛnamɔ lɛ damɔ shihilɛ ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ nɔ lɛ, wɔkɛ hebuu nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ni efutu hu ha, ni δj kɛ Hj mlijaa yɛ mli enyɔ yɛ Si nɔ lɛ yaa hiɛ yɛ gbɛi fɛɛ nɔ, be mli ni metabolite kui krokomɛi ni nɔ kwɔ pɛ baaná Si, ni baaná Si mlijaa (Mfoniri 1B).
Bɔni afee ni wɔka sɛɛfimɔ he tsɔɔmɔ ni atsɔɔ mli ekoŋŋ lɛ he gbalɛ lɛ wɔkwɛ yɛ saji ahe tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mlitsɔɔlɔ lɛ ŋwɛigbɛ lɛ, wɔwo ŋaalɔ (Ms) loo generalist (Sl) herbivore larvae yɛ Nepenthes pallens baai lɛ anɔ (Mfoniri 2A). Kɛtsɔ MS/MS mlipɛimɔ nɔ lɛ, wɔjie MS/MS spectra 599 ni bɛ sɛɛnamɔ (data file S1) kɛjɛ methanol ni ajieɔ kɛjɛɔ tso lɛ mli fãji ni abua naa yɛ ŋmeii niyenii sɛɛ lɛ mli. Kɛ akɛ RDPI, Hj, kɛ δj indexes tsu nii koni akɛfee saji ni yɔɔ MS/MS gbɛjianɔtoo faili lɛ amli lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔtoo ekoŋŋ lɛ he mfoniri lɛ, ejieɔ nibii ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ kpo (Mfoniri 2B). Nɔ ni yaa nɔ lɛ fɛɛ ji akɛ, taakɛ saji ahe nitsɔɔlɔ lɛ tsɔɔ mli lɛ, be mli ni ŋmeii lɛ yaa nɔ amɛyeɔ baai lɛ, bɔ ni ŋmeii lɛ fɛɛ ahe gbɛjianɔtoo ekoŋŋ lɛ yaa hiɛ yɛ be mli ni be hoɔ lɛ: ŋmɛlɛtswai 72 sɛɛ beni ŋmeii lɛ eye nii lɛ, RDPI lɛ yaa hiɛ waa. Kɛ akɛto nɔ ni efiteee lɛ he lɛ, Hj ba shi kwraa, ni no jɛ bɔ ni metabolic profile lɛ he nitsumɔ yaa hiɛ ehaa lɛ hewɔ, ni akɛ δj index lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni eji lɛ. Nɛkɛ nifeemɔ ni jeɔ kpo nɛɛ kɛ OD tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbalɛi lɛ kpãa gbee, shi ekɛ MT tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbalɛi titrii lɛ kpãaa gbee, ni heɔ eyeɔ akɛ akɛ tsakemɔi ni baa trukaa (ni jeee gbɛtsɔɔmɔ) yɛ metabolite lɛ mli lɛ tsuɔ nii akɛ nɔ ni akɛbuɔ mɔ he (Mfoniri 1B). Eyɛ mli akɛ nɛkɛ kooloi enyɔ nɛɛ ni ji oral secretion (OS) elicitor mli nibii ni yɔɔ mli lɛ kɛ amɛ niyenii yeli su lɛ yɛ srɔtoi moŋ, shi amɛ niyenii ni amɛyeɔ tɛ̃ɛ lɛ ha tsakemɔi ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ ba yɛ Hj kɛ δj gbɛtsɔɔmɔi lɛ amli yɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai 24 kɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai 72 kpamɔ be lɛ mli. Srɔtofeemɔ pɛ ni ba yɛ RDPI ŋmɛlɛtswai 72 mli. Kɛ akɛto nɔ ni Ms niyenii kɛbaa lɛ he lɛ, gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni tsakeɔ ni Sl niyenii kɛbaa lɛ fɛɛ fa babaoo.
(A) Shikpamɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo: akɛ ŋmeii ni yeɔ jwɛi (S1) loo ŋaalɔi (Ms) lɛ yeɔ jwɛi ni afɔɔ feemɔ lɛ niyenii, yɛ be mli ni kɛha jwɛi ni ayeɔ lɛ he mfoniri lɛ, akɛ OS ni ji Ms (W + OSMs) lɛ tsuɔ nii koni akɛtsu ŋmeii ni yɔɔ ŋmeii lɛ ahe lɛ ahe nii. S1 (W + OSSl) ŋmeii loo nu (W + W). Nɔ ni akudɔɔ (C) lɛ ji baa ni efiteee. (B) Nɔ ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli (RDPI ni akɛtoɔ nɔkwɛmɔ wolo lɛ he), srɔtofeemɔ (Hj index) kɛ srɔtofeemɔ (δj index) index ni abu he akɔntaa kɛha metabolite shikpɔŋ he mfoniri krɛdɛɛ lɛ (599 MS/MS; data file S1). Shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii tsɔɔ srɔtofeemɔi ni sa kadimɔ ni yɔɔ jwɛi niyenii ni ayeɔ tɛ̃ɛ lɛ kɛ kuu ni kudɔɔ lɛ teŋ (Student t-test kɛ paired t-test, *P<0.05 kɛ ***P<0.001). ns, ehe ehiaaa. (C) Be mli yiŋkpɛɛ he okadi ni kɔɔ titri (adeka bluu, amino acid, organic acid kɛ sugar; data faili S2) kɛ metabolite spectrum krɛdɛɛ (adeka tsuru 443 MS/MS; data faili S1) yɛ tsofafeemɔ ni akɛfee tsofa ni akɛyeɔ nii lɛ sɛɛ. Su band lɛ tsɔɔ 95% hekɛnɔfɔɔ teŋgbɛ. Shibɔlemɔ ŋulami lɛ tsɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ ni he hiaa ni yɔɔ helatsamɔ kɛ nɔyeli lɛ teŋ [kwadratik mlipɛimɔ ni kɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ he (ANOVA), ni Tukey anɔkwale mli srɔtofeemɔ ni he hiaa waa (HSD) nyiɛɔ sɛɛ kɛha post hoc srɔtofeemɔi babaoo, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01 Kɛ *** P <0.001]. (D) Nibii ni gbɛɔ eshwaa kɛ nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ahe saji krɛdɛɛi (nɔkwɛmɔnii ni afɔɔ feemɔ kɛ tsamɔi srɔtoi).
Kɛji akɛ wɔmiitao wɔkwɛ kɛji akɛ jwɛi-yelɔi ni kɛ amɛhe woɔ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ metabolome lɛ mli lɛ jieɔ ehe kpo yɛ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ tsofa-kɛ-ŋma aŋkroaŋkroi lɛ amli lɛ mli lɛ, wɔkɛ wɔjwɛŋmɔ ma tsofa-kɛ-ŋma ni akase tsutsu yɛ Nepenthes pallens tso lɛ baai ni tsɔɔ akɛ jwɛi-yelɔi nyɛɔ amɛyeɔ amɛhe lɛ anɔ klɛŋklɛŋ. Phenolic amides ji hydroxycinnamamide-polyamine nibii ni abua naa yɛ be mli ni kooloi yeɔ jwɛi lɛ, ni ale akɛ ehaa kooloi anitsumɔ baa shi (32). Wɔtao MS/MS ni kɛ lɛ kpãa gbee lɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ amli ni wɔfee amɛ cumulative kinetic curves (Mfoniri S1). Ebɛ naakpɛɛ akɛ, phenol nibii ni jɛɔ mli baa ni kɛ amɛhe wooo jwɛi-yelɔi ahebuu mli tɛ̃ɛ, tamɔ chlorogenic acid (CGA) kɛ rutin, baa shi yɛ jwɛi-yeli sɛɛ. Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ enɛ lɛ, kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ baanyɛ aha phenol amides lɛ afee nɔ ni yɔɔ hewalɛ waa. Niyenii ni yaa nɔ ni kooloi enyɔ ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ yeɔ lɛ haa nɔ ni miihe ashɛ ŋmɔlɔ ni ji phenolamides lɛ nɔŋŋ ba, ni nɛkɛ gbɛ nɛɛ je kpo faŋŋ titri kɛha de novo phenolamides lɛ feemɔ. 17-HGL-DTGs) gbɛ lɛ, ni haa acyclic diterpenes babaoo ni yɔɔ nitsumɔi ni tsuɔ nii jogbaŋŋ ni teɔ shi ewoɔ jwɛi lɛ (33), ni Ms Feeding kɛ SlFig tri1 kpojiemɔ lɛ he saji ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ lɛ baa.
Nɔ ni baanyɛ afee nɔ ni ehiii yɛ jwɛi-yelɔi aniyenii he kaai ni akɛhaa tɛ̃ɛ lɛ mli ji srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ jwɛi-yelɔi lɛ baai ni amɛyeɔ kɛ niyenii be ni amɛyeɔ lɛ mli, ni no haa ewaa akɛ abaajie jwɛi-yelɔi pɔtɛɛ nibii ni pilamɔi kɛ jwɛi-yelɔi kɛbaa lɛ. Bɔni afee ni wɔtsu herbivore henɔi lɛ ahe nii jogbaŋŋ lɛ, wɔkase Ms kɛ Sl larvae lɛ niyenii kɛtsɔ OS (OSM kɛ OSS1) ni abua naa ehee lɛ ni wɔkɛtsu nii amrɔ nɔŋŋ kɛtee shishitoo mla ni ji puncture W ni ji tso lɛ he nibii ni yaa nɔ daa lɛ nɔ. Atsɛɔ gbɛ nɛɛ akɛ W + OS tsamɔ, ni ehaa nɔ ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ feɔ ekome kɛtsɔ be pɔtɛɛ ni hetoo ni jwɛi-yelɔi lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo lɛ shishijee nɔ ni ekɛ srɔtofeemɔi ni yɔɔ bɔ ni fãji lɛ fiteɔ loo bɔ ni amɛfa ha lɛ mli lɛ baaa (Mfoniri 2A) (34). Kɛtsɔ MS/MS mlipɛimɔ kɛ akɔntaabuu paipii lɛ nɔ lɛ, wɔjie 443 MS/MS spectra (data file S1), ni kɛ spectra ni abua naa tsutsu kɛjɛ niyenii ni akɛhaa tɛ̃ɛ lɛ mli kaai amli lɛ kpã gbee. MS/MS adafitswaa kuu nɛɛ mli saji amlipɛimɔ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, tsɔne ni akɛfeɔ tso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔtoo ekoŋŋ kɛtsɔ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ akasemɔ nɔ lɛ tsɔɔ OS-specific inducements (Mfoniri 2C). Yɛ gbɛ titri ko nɔ lɛ, kɛ akɛto OSS1 helatsamɔ he lɛ, OSM kɛ metabolome he nilee lɛ tee hiɛ yɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai 4 mli. Ehe miihia ni wɔkadi akɛ, kɛ akɛto herbivore niyenii ni akɛhaa tɛ̃ɛ lɛ he shikpamɔ mli saji ni ato lɛ he lɛ, metabolic kinetics ni anaa yɛ ŋwɛi ni yɔɔ ŋwɛigbɛ ni akɛ Hj kɛ δj tsuɔ nii akɛ gbɛjianɔtoo kɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ metabolome nitsumɔ lɛ he yɛ hetoo ni akɛhaa herbivore tsamɔ ni akɛkaseɔ lɛ mli yɛ be mli lɛ Yaa hiɛ daa (Mfoniri 2D). Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, wɔsusu amino acids, organic acids kɛ sugars (data file S2) lɛ mli nibii lɛ ahe koni wɔkɛtao mli kɛji akɛ nɛkɛ shweremɔ ni ato he gbɛjianɔ yɛ metabolome he nilee mli nɛɛ jɛ sɛɛgbɛ carbon metabolism lɛ he gbɛjianɔtoo ekoŋŋ ni akɛhaa hetoo ni akɛhaa jwɛi ni ayeɔ jwɛi ni afee lɛ tamɔ nɔ ni afeɔ lɛ ( Mfoniri S2 ). Kɛha nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ nɛɛ mlitsɔɔmɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ, wɔtee nɔ wɔkwɛ bɔ ni gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ buaa amɛhe naa yɛ nibii ni awie he tsutsu lɛ amli lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ kɛ 17-HGL-DTG gbɛi lɛ. OS-pɔtɛɛ ni akɛwoɔ jwɛi mli lɛ tsakeɔ efeɔ srɔtofeemɔ ni atoɔ he gbɛjianɔ ekoŋŋ yɛ phenolamide metabolism mli (Mfoniri S3). OSS1 ji nɔ ni tsirɛɔ Phenolic amides ni coumarin kɛ caffeoyl fãi yɔɔ mli lɛ, yɛ be mli ni OSMs tsirɛɔ ferulyl nibii pɔtɛɛ komɛi. 17-HGL-DTG gbɛ lɛ, ana srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ OS mli kɛtsɔ shishigbɛ malonylation kɛ dimalonylation nibii anɔ (Mfoniri S3).
No sɛɛ lɛ, wɔkase OS-ni tsirɛɔ transcriptome plasticity lɛ he nii kɛtsɔ be-kɛ-be mli nibii bibii ni akɛtoɔ he lɛ nɔ, ni feɔ OSMs ni akɛtsuɔ nii koni akɛtsa rosette tso lɛ baai ni yɔɔ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ amli lɛ he mfoniri. Nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ mli kinetics lɛ titri lɛ kɛ kinetics ni akɛtsu nii yɛ metabolomics nikasemɔ nɛɛ mli lɛ kpãa gbee (35). Kɛ akɛto metabolome reconfiguration ni metabolic plasticity lɛ yaa hiɛ titri yɛ be mli lɛ he lɛ, wɔkwɛɔ be kukuoo mli niŋmaa ni tswaa yɛ baai ni Ms tsirɛɔ lɛ mli, he ni transcriptome inducibility (RDPI) kɛ specialization (δj) yɔɔ 1 Ayɛ nɔyaa ni sa kadimɔ waa yɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai amli, ni srɔtofeemɔ (Hj) ni ajieɔ lɛ kpo yɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli lɛ ba shi kɛtsɔ BMPx lɛ nɔ. ni ji transkriptom he nitsumɔ (Mfoniri S4). Nibii ni tsakeɔ wala yibii amli lɛ awekui (tamɔ P450, glycosyltransferase, kɛ BAHD acyltransferase) kɛ amɛhe woɔ nibii ni tsakeɔ wala yibii amli lɛ anaabuamɔ mli kɛjɛɔ shishijee nibii ni tsakeɔ nii amli lɛ amli, ni amɛnyiɛɔ mra be mli nibii ni tsakeɔ nii amli lɛ asɛɛ. Taakɛ eji nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, apɛi gbɛ ni ji phenylalanine lɛ nɔ. Nibii amlipɛimɔ lɛ ma nɔ mi akɛ, tsɛŋemɔ helai ni yɔɔ phenolamide mli lɛ ji OS-ni tsirɛɔ mɔ waa yɛ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ amli kɛ akɛto tsei ni gbalaaa amɛ lɛ ahe, ni amɛbɛŋkɛɔ amɛhe yɛ bɔ ni amɛjieɔ amɛhe kpo amɛhaa lɛ mli. Nibii ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli ni ji MYB8 kɛ structural genes PAL1, PAL2, C4H kɛ 4CL ni yɔɔ gbɛ nɛɛ ŋwɛigbɛ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ niŋmaa lɛ jeɔ shishi mra. Acyltransferases ni tsuɔ gbɛfaŋnɔ ko he nii yɛ naagbee kpee ni ji phenolamide lɛ mli, tamɔ AT1, DH29, kɛ CV86 lɛ jieɔ sɛɛkuu-kɛsaramɔ ni sɛɛ tsɛɔ kpo (Mfoniri S4). Nibii ni ana yɛ ŋwɛi nɛɛ tsɔɔ akɛ transcriptome he nilee shishijee mra kɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ metabolomics he nilee ni yaa hiɛ lɛ ji gbɛ ni akɛfataa he, ni baanyɛ ajɛ gbɛjianɔtoo ni kɛ ehe kpãa gbee ni jeɔ hebuu hetoo ni mli wa shishi lɛ hewɔ.
Nɔ ni ato he gbɛjianɔ ekoŋŋ yɛ tsei amli tsofa ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ mli lɛ tsuɔ nii akɛ nɔ ni kudɔɔ nibii ni kɛ jwɛi-yelɔi ahe saji feɔ ekome koni ekɛto tsei lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔ ekoŋŋ. Yɛ tsofa-kɛ-ŋma ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ he nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, wɔsusu tsofa-kɛ-ŋma ni he hiaa waa lɛ mli hewalɛ ni abua naa lɛ he ni wɔkwɛ bɔ ni amɛteŋ be mli nibii ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ feɔ ekome [Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC)> 0.4] (Mfoniri 3A). Taakɛ akpaa gbɛ lɛ, tso mli tsofai ni kɔɔ wala yibii ahe lɛ yɛ tsakpaa yɛ tso mli tsofai ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ mli. Kɛfata he lɛ, akɛ metabolic specificity (Si index) lɛ woɔ nɛkɛ tsɔne nɛɛ nɔ koni akɛma tso mli tsofai ni tsofafeemɔi srɔtoi haa lɛ anɔ mi. Akɛ hei titrii enyɔ ni jwɛi yelɔi haa hetoo pɔtɛɛ: eko yɛ JA kuu lɛ mli, he ni JA (e-biologically active form JA-Ile) kɛ JA mli nibii krokomɛi ni jɛɔ mli baa lɛ jieɔ Si yibɔ ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ lɛ kpo; ekroko lɛ ji etileni (ET). Gibberellin tsɔɔ shweremɔ fioo pɛ yɛ jwɛi-yelɔi amli, yɛ be mli ni tsofa-kɛ-ŋma krokomɛi, tamɔ cytokinin, auxin, kɛ abscisic acid, yɛ jwɛi-yelɔi ahewalɛ ni baa shi. Kɛ akɛto W + W pɛ ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ he lɛ, JA nibii ni jɛ mli ba lɛ ajara ni fe fɛɛ lɛ mlilɛɛmɔ kɛtsɔ OS nitsumɔ lɛ nɔ (W + OS) lɛ baanyɛ atsake titri lɛ afee JAs lɛ he okadi pɔtɛɛ ko ni mli wa. Yɛ gbɛ ni akpaaa gbɛ nɔ lɛ, ale akɛ OSM kɛ OSS1 ni yɔɔ elicitor mli nibii srɔtoi lɛ kɛ JA kɛ JA-Ile ni abua naa tamɔ nakai baa. Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ OSS1 lɛ, OSM lɛ ji nɔ pɔtɛɛ ni OSMs lɛ tsirɛɔ lɛ waa, yɛ be mli ni OSS1 lɛ haaa basal pilamɔi lɛ ahetoo lɛ aya hiɛ (Mfoniri 3B).
(A) Co-expression network mlipɛimɔ ni damɔ PCC akɔntaabuu ni kɔɔ tsofa-kɛ-ŋma ni haa tsofa-kɛ-ŋma ni abua naa lɛ he lɛ nɔ. Node lɛ damɔ shi kɛha tso mli tsofa kome, ni node lɛ dalɛ damɔ shi kɛha Si index pɔtɛɛ ni kɔɔ tso mli tsofa lɛ he yɛ helatsamɔi ateŋ. (B) JA, JA-Ile kɛ ET ni abua naa yɛ baai amli ni tsofafeemɔi srɔtoi ni sui srɔtoi tsɔɔ lɛ kɛbaa: apricot, W + OSM; bluu, W + OSSl; ediŋŋ, W + W; ŋmɔtɔ, C (kudɔ) . Shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii tsɔɔ srɔtofeemɔi ni sa kadimɔ yɛ helatsamɔ kɛ nɔyeli teŋ (gbɛi enyɔ ANOVA ni Tukey HSD post hoc srɔtoi ni akɛtoɔ he lɛ nyiɛɔ sɛɛ, *** P <0.001). 697 MS/MS (data faili S1) ni yɔɔ JA biosynthesis mli lɛ mlipɛimɔ kɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni efite (irAOC kɛ irCOI1) kɛ (D)585 MS/MS (data faili S1) yɛ ETR1 mli kɛ ET okadi ni efite lɛ Enyɔ ni akɛfee tsofai ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔtoo kɛ vecle gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ je shishi. Shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii tsɔɔ srɔtofeemɔi ni sa kadimɔ yɛ W + OS tsamɔ kɛ nɔyeli ni efiteee lɛ teŋ (gbɛi enyɔ ANOVA ni Tukey HSD post hoc sɛɛtomɔ babaoo nyiɛɔ sɛɛ, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 kɛ ***P<0.001). (E) Graf ni egbɛ eshwa shitee-kɛ-woo ni egbɛ eshwa kɛha nitsumɔ krɛdɛɛ. Sui lɛ damɔ shi kɛha tsɛŋemɔ helai srɔtoi ni atsake amɛmli wala yibii lɛ; okadii lɛ damɔ shi kɛha helatsamɔ gbɛ̀i srɔtoi: triangle, W + OSS1; ŋwɛi ŋta, W + OSM; kooloo C
No sɛɛ lɛ, wɔkɛ Nepenthes ni egbɔjɔ (irCOI1 kɛ sETR1) ni atsake lɛ tsuɔ nii yɛ JA kɛ ET biosynthesis (irAOC kɛ irACO) kɛ jwɛŋmɔ (irCOI1 kɛ sETR1) lɛ mli nibii titrii lɛ amli koni wɔkɛpɛi nɛkɛ tsei enyɔ nɛɛ amli tsofai ni haa mɔ he waa lɛ amli yɛ yelikɛbuamɔ ni jɛɔ jwɛi yeɔ lɛ mli lɛ mli. Kɛha kaai ni eho lɛ, wɔma herbivore-OS ni akɛwoɔ empty carrier (EV) tsei amli lɛ nɔ mi (Mfoniri 3, C kɛyashi D) kɛ Hj index ni OSM kɛbaa lɛ mlibaa fɛɛ, yɛ be mli ni δj index lɛ yaa hiɛ. Hetoo lɛ jeɔ kpo faŋŋ fe hetoo ni OSS1 tsirɛɔ lɛ. Graf ni hiɛ line enyɔ ni akɛ Hj kɛ δj tsuɔ nii akɛ coordinates lɛ tsɔɔ deregulation pɔtɛɛ (Mfoniri 3E). Nɔ ni yɔɔ faŋŋ fe fɛɛ ji akɛ, yɛ tsɛŋemɔ helai ni bɛ JA okadi lɛ amli lɛ, metabolome sɔrɔtoi kɛ srɔtofeemɔ tsakemɔi ni jwɛiyelɔi kɛbaa lɛ shwɛ fioo ni amɛbaaje mli kwraa (Mfoniri 3C). Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ enɛ lɛ, ET jwɛŋmɔ ni yɔɔ dioo yɛ sETR1 tsei amli lɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ nɔ ni jɛɔ tsakemɔi ni baa jwɛi niyenii mli lɛ mli baa lɛ fɛɛ baa shi kwraa fe JA okadifeemɔ lɛ, shi ehaa srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ Hj kɛ δj indices ni yɔɔ OSM kɛ OSS1 excitations lɛ ateŋ lɛ baa shi (Mfoniri 3D kɛ Mfoniri S5). . Enɛ tsɔɔ akɛ kɛfata JA okadi lɛ mlitsɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ titri lɛ he lɛ, ET okadi lɛ mlitsɔɔmɔ lɛ hu tsuɔ nii akɛ nɔ ni haa kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ amli nibii ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ tsuɔ nii jogbaŋŋ. Kɛha nɛkɛ nitsumɔ ni hi jogbaŋŋ nɛɛ, tsakemɔ ko bɛ metabolome inducibility lɛ fɛɛ mli yɛ sETR1 tsei lɛ amli. Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, kɛ akɛto sETR1 tsei lɛ ahe lɛ, irACO tsei lɛ ha tsakemɔi ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ni jɛɔ jwɛi-yelɔi amli baa lɛ mli lɛ ba, shi etsɔɔ Hj kɛ δj yibɔi ni yɔɔ srɔto kwraa yɛ OSM kɛ OSS1 kaai lɛ ateŋ (Mfoniri S5).
Bɔni afee ni wɔyoo nibii pɔtɛɛ ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ni yɔɔ yelikɛbuamɔ ni he hiaa yɛ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ ahetoohamɔ mli lɛ, ni wɔfee amɛnifeemɔ jogbaŋŋ kɛtsɔ ET okadii anɔ lɛ, wɔkɛ MS/MS gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ atsuɔ nii tsutsu lɛ tsu nii. Nɛkɛ gbɛ nɛɛ damɔ gbɛ ni ji bi-clustering lɛ nɔ koni ekɛjie MS/MS mli fãi [normalized dot product (NDP)] kɛ nɔ ni tamɔ amɛhe ni damɔ neutral loss (NL) nɔ lɛ mli ekoŋŋ. MS/MS adafitswaa ni ato kɛtsɔ ET transgenic lines lɛ amlipɛimɔ nɔ lɛ jie 585 MS/MS (data faili S1), ni atsu he nii kɛtsɔ amɛ ni abua naa awo MS/MS modules (M) titrii kpawo mli lɛ nɔ (Mfoniri 4A) . Nibii nɛɛ ekomɛi eyi kɛ nibii krɛdɛɛi ni atsɔɔ mli tsutsu lɛ babaoo: ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, M1, M2, M3, M4 kɛ M7 lɛ eyi obɔ kɛ nibii srɔtoi ni jɛɔ mli baa (M1), flavonoid glycosides (M2), acyl sugars (M3 Kɛ M4), kɛ 17-HGL-DTG (7M). Kɛfata he lɛ, abuɔ metabolite he saji pɔtɛɛ (Si index) ni kɔɔ metabolite kome ni yɔɔ module fɛɛ module mli lɛ he lɛ he akɔntaa, ni abaanyɛ ana e-Si mlijaa lɛ yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ mlɛo nɔ. Yɛ kukufoo mli lɛ, MS/MS spectra ni jieɔ jwɛi niyenii ni nɔ kwɔ kɛ genotype specificity kpo lɛ ji Si values ​​ni nɔ kwɔ, ni kurtosis akɔntaabuu tsɔɔ bɔ ni yitsɔi lɛ mlijaa yɔɔ tsitsi lɛ ninejurɔgbɛ lɛ. Ana lean colloid mlijaa nɛɛ eko yɛ M1 mli, ni phenol amide tsɔɔ Si fã ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ (Mfoniri 4B). 17-HGL-DTG ni atsĩ tã kɛtsɔ hiɛ lɛ tsɔɔ Si yibɔ ni sa, ni tsɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ OS henɔi enyɔ lɛ ateŋ lɛ mli. Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ enɛ lɛ, nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ateŋ babaoo, tamɔ rutin, CGA, kɛ acyl sugars, fata Si yibɔi ni baa shi fe fɛɛ lɛ ahe. Bɔni afee ni akwɛ bɔ ni shishitoo mla lɛ mli wa ha kɛ Si mlijaa ni yɔɔ metabolites krɛdɛɛi ateŋ lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ lɛ, afee molecular network kɛha module fɛɛ module (Mfoniri 4B). OD tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he gbalɛ ko ni he hiaa waa (ni afo mli kuku yɛ mfoniri 1B mli) ji akɛ, esa akɛ nibii ni tsakeɔ nibii ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔtoo ekoŋŋ yɛ jwɛi ni ayeɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ kɛ tsakemɔi ni baa gbɛ kome nɔ aba nibii ni tsakeɔ amɛhe lɛ amli ni yɔɔ hebuu sɛɛnamɔ ni nɔ kwɔ, titri lɛ kɛtsɔ amɛhe ni amɛwoɔ mli lɛ nɔyaa nɔ (ni teɔ shi ewoɔ random distribution) Mode) Defensive metabolite ni MT tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gba gbalɛ. Nibii ni jɛɔ mli baa ni ji phenol ni abua naa yɛ M1 lɛ ateŋ babaoo kɛ nitsumɔ ni kɔɔ kooloi anitsumɔ ni baa shi lɛ he (32). Kɛ akɛ Si sɛɛnamɔi ni yɔɔ M1 metabolites lɛ mli lɛ to baai ni ajieɔ lɛ kpo lɛ kɛ baai ni feɔ EV kudɔmɔ tsei lɛ ateŋ lɛ he yɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai 24 mli lɛ, wɔna akɛ metabolites babaoo ni yɔɔ ŋmeii ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ asɛɛ lɛ yɛ nɔ ko ni yaa hiɛ waa (Mfoniri 4C). Ana Si jara lɛ mliyaa pɔtɛɛ lɛ yɛ phenolamides ni buɔ mɔ he lɛ pɛ mli, shi anaaa Si jara lɛ mliyaa ko yɛ phenols krokomɛi kɛ metabolites ni aleee ni kɛ amɛhe feɔ ekome yɛ nɛkɛ module nɛɛ mli lɛ amli. Enɛ ji nɔkwɛmɔnɔ krɛdɛɛ ko, ni kɛ OD tsɔɔmɔ lɛ yɔɔ tsakpaa. Gbalɛi titrii ni kɔɔ tsakemɔi ni jɛɔ niyenii ni yeɔ jwɛi amli lɛ kɛbaa lɛ mli lɛ yaa nɔ daa. Bɔni afee ni aka kɛji akɛ nɛkɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ phenolamide spectrum lɛ mli lɛ ji nɔ ni OS-specific ET lɛ tsirɛ lɛ, wɔfee metabolite Si index lɛ he mfoniri ni ekɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ OSM kɛ OSS1 teŋ lɛ ba yɛ EV kɛ sETR1 genotypes lɛ mli (Mfoniri 4D ). Yɛ sETR1 mli lɛ, srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ OSM kɛ OSS1 teŋ ni phenamide kɛbaa lɛ ba shi waa. Akɛ gbɛ ni ji bi-clustering lɛ hu tsu nii kɛha MS/MS saji ni abua naa yɛ shwiei ni JA faaa lɛ amli lɛ koni akɛtsɔɔ MS/MS modules titrii ni kɔɔ JA-regulated metabolic specialization (Mfoniri S6) lɛ mli.
(A) 585 MS/MS lɛ mli nibii ni jɛ mli ba ni damɔ fã ni aja (NDP ni tamɔ amɛhe) kɛ neutral loss ni aja (NL ni tamɔ amɛhe) lɛ nɔ lɛ haa module (M) lɛ kɛ weku ni ale lɛ kpãa gbee, loo kɛtsɔ Metabolite nibii ni aleee loo ni afeee lɛ jogbaŋŋ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ module fɛɛ module masɛi lɛ, ajieɔ metabolite (MS/MS) pɔtɛɛ (Si) mlijaa lɛ kpo. (B) Modular molecular network: Nodes damɔ shi kɛha MS/MS kɛ ŋwɛigbɛi, NDP (tsuru) kɛ NL (bluu) MS/MS yibɔi (ni afo mli,> 0.6). Nibii ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ ahe mfoniri (Si) ni ato he gbɛjianɔ lɛ damɔ module lɛ nɔ (abɛkugbɛ) ni akɛto molecular network lɛ he (ninejurɔgbɛ). (C) Module M1 ni ji EV tso lɛ yɛ shishitoo mla (kudɔmɔ) kɛ shihilɛ ni tsirɛɔ (niyeɔ jwɛi tamɔ nɔ) yɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai 24 mli: molecular network mfoniri (Si sɛɛnamɔ ji node lɛ dalɛ, nɔ ni akɛbuɔ mɔ he lɛ ji nɔ ni ajie lɛ kpo yɛ bluu mli). (D) M1 molecular network mfoniri ni kɔɔ spectrum line sETR1 ni EV kɛ ET jwɛŋmɔ ni efite lɛ he lɛ: phenolic nibii ni damɔ shi kɛha ŋwɛi ŋta lɛ, kɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni he hiaa waa (P value) ni yɔɔ W + OSM kɛ W + OSS1 helatsamɔi lɛ ateŋ akɛ Node lɛ dalɛ. CP, N-kafeoil-tairɔsin; CS, N-kafeoil-spɛrmidin; FP, N-fɛrulik asid estɛ-urik asid; FS, N-fɛruli-spɛrmidin; CoP, N’, N “-Coumarolyl-tyrosine; DCS, N’, N”-dikaffeoyl-spermidine; CFS, N', N”-kafeoil, feruloyl-spermidine; Lycium barbarum yɛ wolfberry Bi lɛ mli; Nick. O-AS, O-acyl sugar.
Wɔtee nɔ wɔkɛ mlipɛimɔ lɛ tee hiɛ kɛjɛ Nepenthes genotype kome ni egbɔjɔ lɛ nɔ kɛtee adebɔɔ mli gbɔmɛi ayibɔ mli, he ni tsakemɔi ni mli wa ni baa yɛ jwɛi-yelɔi JA mli kɛ metabolite pɔtɛɛ mli nibii amli lɛ ji nɔ ni atsɔɔ mli tsutsu yɛ adebɔɔ mli gbɔmɛi ayibɔ mli (26). Kɛ saji nɛɛ atsu nii ni okɛha germplasms 43 he. Nɛkɛ tsɛŋemɔ helai nɛɛ ji tsei srɔtoi 123 ni jɛ N. pallens. Ajie tsei nɛɛ kɛjɛ dumɔwui ni abua naa yɛ maŋbii ashihilɛhei srɔtoi ni yɔɔ Utah, Nevada, Arizona, kɛ California lɛ amli (Mfoniri S7), wɔbu metabolome srɔtoi (ni atsɛɔ lɛ gbɔmɛi ayibɔ ni yɔɔ biɛ lɛ) β srɔtoi) kɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni OSM kɛbaa lɛ he akɔntaa. Kɛha nikasemɔi ni eho lɛ, wɔna tsakemɔi srɔtoi ni baa gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli yɛ Hj kɛ δj axes lɛ he, ni tsɔɔ akɛ germplasms lɛ yɛ srɔtofeemɔi ni sa kadimɔ waa yɛ amɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ahetooi ni amɛhaa kɛha kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ amli (Mfoniri S7). Nɛkɛ gbɛjianɔtoo nɛɛ kaiɔ wɔ nibii ni wɔkwɛ tsutsu yɛ bɔ ni JAs tsakemɔi ni jwɛi yeɔ lɛ kɛbaa lɛ he lɛ, ni ehiɛ sɛɛnamɔ ni nɔ kwɔ waa mli yɛ gbɔmɛi ayibɔ kome mli (26, 36). Kɛtsɔ JA kɛ JA-Ile ni akɛtsuɔ nii koni akɛka tsakpaa ni yɔɔ Hj kɛ δj teŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ, wɔna akɛ tsakpaa kpakpa ko ni he hiaa yɛ JA kɛ metabolome β srɔtofeemɔ kɛ specialization index (Mfoniri S7) lɛ teŋ. Enɛ tsɔɔ akɛ jwɛi-yelɔi ni kɛ heterogeneity ni yɔɔ JAs mli ni ana yɛ gbɔmɛi ayibɔ mli lɛ baanyɛ ajɛ metabolic polymorphisms ni jɛɔ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ amli lɛ mli baa lɛ hewɔ.
Nikasemɔi ni eho lɛ etsɔɔ akɛ tawa henɔi lɛ yɛ srɔto kwraa yɛ henɔi kɛ bɔ ni amɛdamɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he waa lɛ anɔ lɛ mli. Aheɔ ayeɔ akɛ nɛkɛ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ anti-herbivore signal transduction kɛ hebuu nyɛmɔi amli lɛ ji nɔ ni kooloi ayibɔ, tsei ashihilɛ, kɛ hebuu nifeemɔ he nyɔmɔwoo kudɔɔ yɛ he ni kooloi srɔtoi lɛ daraa yɛ lɛ. Wɔkase bɔ ni tsofa-kɛ-ŋma ni ji Nicotiana tsofa-kɛ-ŋma henɔi enumɔ ni jɛ Amerika Kooyigbɛ kɛ Amerika Anaigbɛ lɛ tsirɛɔ lɛ lɛ he nii. Nɛkɛ kooloi nɛɛ kɛ Nepenthes ni yɔɔ Amerika Kooyigbɛ, ni ji Nicolas Bociflo lɛ bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa. La, N. tsofa-kɛ-ŋma, tsofa-kɛ-ŋma n. jwɛi ni egbɔjɔ, Nicotiana tabacum, tawa ni yɔɔ linear, tawa (Nicotiana spegazzinii) kɛ tawa baa (Nicotiana obtusifolia) (Mfoniri 5A) (37). Nɛkɛ tsei nɛɛ ateŋ enumɔ, ni N. please ni ajie lɛ kpo jogbaŋŋ lɛ fata he lɛ ji tsei ni yeɔ daa afi ni yɔɔ petunia clade lɛ mli, ni obtusifolia N. ji tsei ni yeɔ daa afi yɛ nyɛmi yoo clade Trigonophyllae (38) lɛ mli. No sɛɛ lɛ, afee W + W, W + OSM kɛ W + OSS1 induction yɛ nɛkɛ kooloi srɔtoi kpawo nɛɛ anɔ koni akɛkase bɔ ni kooloi srɔtoi lɛ amli bɔɔ nii ni yeɔ niyenii lɛ tsakeɔ amɛhaa lɛ he nii.
(A) Bootstrap phylogenetic tso ko ni damɔ bɔ ni ebaanyɛ eba lɛ nɔ [kɛha nuklea glutamine feemɔ (38)] kɛ shikpɔŋ nɔ he ni Nicotiana tsoi kpawo ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa lɛ mlijaa (sui srɔtoi) (37) yɔɔ lɛ. (B) Nicotiana henɔi kpawo ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ ahe mfoniri ni gbɛ eshwa (939 MS/MS; data file S1). Yɛ kooloi srɔtoi lɛ amli lɛ, metabolome sɔrɔtoi lɛ kɛ bɔ ni amɛhe esa ha lɛ bɛ tsakpaa kpakpa. Atsɔɔ tsakpaa ni yɔɔ bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi kɛ amɛhe nitsumɔ kɛ JA ni abua naa lɛ teŋ lɛ mlipɛimɔ yɛ mfoniri 2. S9. Su, henɔi srɔtoi; ŋwɛi ŋta, W + OSS1; ŋwɛi ŋta, W + OSM; (C) Nicotiana JA kɛ JA-Ile hewalɛi lɛ ji nɔ ni ato he gbɛjianɔ yɛ OS miishɛɛ mli hewalɛ naa (gbɛi enyɔ ANOVA kɛ Tukey HSD sɛɛ-kɛtomɔ babaoo, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01 kɛ * ** Kɛha W + OS kɛ W + W, P <0.001). Adeka mli mfoniri ni tsɔɔ (D) srɔtofeemɔ kɛ (E) srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ kooloi srɔtoi lɛ eko fɛɛ eko mli yɛ be mli ni akase jwɛi kɛ methyl JA (MeJA) lɛ sɛɛ. Shibɔlemɔ ŋulami lɛ tsɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ ni sa kadimɔ ni yɔɔ W + OS kɛ W + W loo lanolin kɛ W (Lan + W) loo Lan kɛ MeJA (Lan + MeJa) kɛ Lan nɔyeli (gbɛi enyɔ nɔ ni akɛpɛiɔ srɔtofeemɔ mli, ni Tukey HSD post hoc srɔtoi ni akɛtoɔ he lɛ nyiɛɔ sɛɛ , *P<0.05, **P<0.0.1 kɛ).
Kɛtsɔ gbɛ ni ji kuu enyɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ, wɔyɔse 939 MS/MS (data faili S1) lɛ mli nibii 9. MS/MS ni ato he gbɛjianɔ ekoŋŋ kɛtsɔ helatsamɔi srɔtoi anɔ lɛ mli nibii lɛ yɛ srɔtoi waa yɛ modules srɔtoi ni yɔɔ kooloi srɔtoi ateŋ lɛ ateŋ (Mfoniri S8). Hj (ni atsɛɔ lɛ yɛ biɛ akɛ γ-diversity) kɛ δj ni akwɛɔ lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo akɛ bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi buaa amɛhe naa kɛyaa kui srɔtoi amli yɛ metabolic space lɛ mli, he ni bei pii lɛ bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi amlijaa lɛ jeɔ kpo fe miishɛɛ. Kɛ ajie N. linear kɛ N. obliquus lɛ, amɛjieɔ hewalɛ babaoo ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ kpo (Mfoniri 5B). Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ enɛ lɛ, kooloi srɔtoi tamɔ N. purpurea kɛ N. obtusifolia bɛ bɔ ni amɛtsuɔ nii amɛhaa yɛ tsofafeemɔ mli lɛ hetoo, shi tsofafeemɔ mli nibii lɛ yɛ srɔtoi babaoo. Nibii ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ amlijaa lɛ ha tsakpaa ni ejaaa ni yɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ kɛ gamma srɔtoi lɛ ateŋ lɛ ba (PCC = -0.46, P = 4.9×10-8). OS-ni haa tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ JAs ŋwɛigbɛi lɛ amli lɛ kɛ metabolome he nilee lɛ yeɔ tsakpaa kpakpa, ni ekɛ metabolic gamma srɔtoi ni bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi lɛ eko fɛɛ eko jieɔ lɛ kpo lɛ yeɔ tsakpaa kpakpa (Mfoniri 5B kɛ Mfoniri S9). Ehe miihia ni wɔkadi akɛ, ŋmeii ni atsɛɔ amɛ yɛ wiemɔ mli akɛ “okadi hetoo” ŋmeii ni yɔɔ mfoniri 5C lɛ mli lɛ, tamɔ Nepenthes nematodes, Nepenthes acute, kɛ Nepenthes attenuated lɛ kɛ okadii ni he hiaa ba yɛ minitii 30 mli. OS-pɔtɛɛ JA kɛ JA-Ile ni je kpo nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ, yɛ be mli ni helatsɛmɛi krokomɛi ni atsɛɔ amɛ “okadii ni haaa hetoo”, tamɔ Nepenthes ŋtayaai, Nepenthes powdery kɛ N. obtusifolia pɛ tsɔɔ JA-Ile Edge induction ni OS pɔtɛɛ ko bɛ mli (Mfoniri 5C). Yɛ metabolic ŋwɛi gbɛhe lɛ, taakɛ atsĩ tã yɛ yiteŋgbɛ lɛ, kɛha Nepenthes ni egbɔjɔ lɛ, nibii ni haa okadi lɛ tsuɔ nii lɛ jieɔ OS pɔtɛɛ kpo ni ehaa δj yaa hiɛ waa, yɛ be mli ni Hj baa shi. Nɛkɛ OS-specific priming effect nɛɛ anaaa yɛ kooloi srɔtoi ni abu amɛ akɛ okadi ni tsuuu nii (Mfoniri 5, D kɛ E). OS-specific metabolites lɛ jaa shii abɔ yɛ okadi-hetoo henɔi lɛ ateŋ, ni nɛkɛ okadi kui nɛɛ feɔ ekome kɛ henɔi ni bɛ okadi hetooi ni bɛ hewalɛ, yɛ be mli ni henɔi ni bɛ okadi hetooi ni bɛ hewalɛ jieɔ amɛhe ni amɛyɔɔ lɛ kpo fioo (Mfoniri S8 ). Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba nɛɛ tsɔɔ akɛ OS-pɔtɛɛ ni akɛwoɔ JAs mli kɛ OS-pɔtɛɛ ni akɛtoɔ shishigbɛ metabolome lɛ he lɛ fata he yɛ bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi lɛ amli.
No sɛɛ lɛ, wɔkɛ lanolin paste ni methyl JA (MeJA) yɔɔ mli lɛ tsu nii kɛtsa tsei koni wɔtao mli kɛji akɛ nɛkɛ tsakpaa gbɛi nɛɛ ji nɔ ni JA ni exogenous JA kɛtsuɔ nii lɛ ni yɔɔ lɛ tsiɔ naa, ni ebaahi tsei lɛ a-cytoplasm lɛ mli. Nibii ni ajieɔ kɛjɛɔ mli oya ji JA. Wɔna nɔ kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ ni ji tsakemɔ ni yaa nɔ fiofio kɛjɛɔ okadi-hetoohamɔ mli kɛyaa okadi-hetoohamɔ mli ni JA ni yaa nɔ ekɛhaa lɛ kɛbaa lɛ (Mfoniri 5, D kɛ E). Yɛ kukufoo mli lɛ, MeJA helatsamɔ lɛ tsake linear nematodes, N. obliquus, N. aquaticus, N. pallens, kɛ N. mikimotoi lɛ amli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ waa, ni no ha δj lɛ tee hiɛ waa ni Hj lɛ hu ba shi. N. purpurea tsɔɔ δj mliyaa pɛ, shi jeee Hj. N. obtusifolia, ni atsɔɔ mli tsutsu akɛ ebuaa JAs ni baa shi waa lɛ anaa lɛ hu haaa MeJA helatsamɔ hetoo kpakpa yɛ metabolome tsakemɔ he. Nɛkɛ hetoi nɛɛ tsɔɔ akɛ JA feemɔ loo okadi tsakemɔ ji gbɔmɔtsoŋ naatsii yɛ okadi-hetoohamɔ henɔi lɛ amli. Kɛha susumɔ nɛɛ kaa lɛ, wɔkase kooloi srɔtoi ejwɛ (N. pallens, N. mills, N. pink kɛ N. microphylla) ni W + W, W + OSMs kɛ W + OSS1 Transcriptome (39) lɛ tsirɛɔ amɛ lɛ ahe nii. Kɛha metabolome tsakemɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ, ŋmeii lɛ amli egbala jogbaŋŋ yɛ transcriptome he lɛ, ni N. attenuated jie OS-induced RDPI ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ lɛ kpo, yɛ be mli ni N. gracilis ji nɔ ni baa shi fe fɛɛ (Mfoniri 6A). Shi kɛlɛ, ana akɛ transcriptome srɔtoi ni N. oblonga kɛbaa lɛ ji nɔ ni baa shi fe fɛɛ yɛ kooloi ejwɛ lɛ ateŋ, ni ekɛ N. oblonga mli metabonomic srɔtoi ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ ni ajie lɛ kpo tsutsu yɛ kooloi kpawo amli lɛ kpãaa gbee. Nibii ni akase kɛtsɔ hiɛ lɛ etsɔɔ akɛ, tsɛŋemɔ helai ni kɔɔ mra be mli hebuu okadii ahe, ni JA okadii fata he lɛ, tsɔɔ bɔ ni mra be mli hebuu hetooi ni herbivore-related elicitors ni yɔɔ Nicotiana bɔɔ nii amli lɛ tsirɛɔ lɛ mli (39). Kɛ akɛ JA okadi gbɛi lɛ to nɛkɛ kooloi ejwɛ nɛɛ ateŋ lɛ he lɛ, ejie nɔ ko ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ kpo (Mfoniri 6B). Genes babaoo ni yɔɔ gbɛ nɛɛ nɔ, tamɔ AOC, OPR3, ACX kɛ COI1, jieɔ induction ni nɔ kwɔ kpo yɛ nɛkɛ kooloi ejwɛ nɛɛ amli. Shi kɛlɛ, tsɛŋemɔ hela ko ni he hiaa waa, JAR4, tsakeɔ JA kɛyaa e-BIological nitsumɔ ni ji JA-Ile ni abua naa lɛ mli, ni e-niŋmaa lɛ shishitoo mla lɛ baa shi waa, titri lɛ yɛ N. mills, Nepenthes pieris kɛ N. microphylla mli. Kɛfata he lɛ, anaaa AOS ni ji tsɛŋemɔ hela kroko ni aŋmala lɛ pɛ yɛ N. bifidum mli. Nɛkɛ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ wala yibii amli lɛ baanyɛ afee nɔ ni kɛ JA nifeemɔ ni baa shi yɛ okadi anergic henɔi amli kɛ N. gracilis ni baa lɛ baa.
(A) Saji ahe nilee mlipɛimɔ ni kɔɔ mra be mli niŋmaa hetooi ni kɔɔ tawa henɔi ejwɛ ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa lɛ ahe lɛ he lɛ he nɔkwɛmɔnɔ minitii 30 yɛ jwɛi ni ayeɔ lɛ sɛɛ. Akɛ RDPI lɛ buɔ he akɔntaa kɛtsɔ baai ni OS ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ kɛbaa lɛ kɛ pilamɔi ni akudɔɔ lɛ nɔ. Sui lɛ tsɔɔ henɔi srɔtoi, ni okadii lɛ tsɔɔ gbɛi srɔtoi ni atsɔɔ nɔ atsaa helai. (B) Nibii ni ajieɔ lɛ kpo yɛ JA okadi gbɛi lɛ amli lɛ mlipɛimɔ yɛ kooloi srɔtoi ejwɛ ateŋ. Atsɔɔ JA gbɛ ni afee lɛ mlɛo lɛ yɛ adeka lɛ he mfoniri lɛ masɛi. Sui srɔtoi tsɔɔ gbɛi srɔtoi ni atsɔɔ nɔ atsuɔ he nii. Shibɔlemɔ ŋulami lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ srɔtofeemɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ yɛ W + OS helatsamɔ lɛ kɛ W + W nɔyeli lɛ teŋ (kɛha Nikaselɔ lɛ t-kasemɔ kɛha srɔtofeemɔi ni yɔɔ mɛi enyɔ ateŋ lɛ, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 kɛ ***P<0.001). OPDA, ni ji 12-oksofitodiɛnɔik asidi; OPC-8: 0,3-okso-2(2'(Z)-pɛntɛnil)-siklopɛntan-1-oktanoik asid.
Yɛ naagbee fã lɛ mli lɛ, wɔkase bɔ ni kooloi srɔtoi ni yɔɔ tsei srɔtoi amli lɛ ahe tsakemɔ baanyɛ afee nɔ ni teɔ shi ewoɔ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ. Nibii amlitaomɔ ni eho lɛ ma Nicotiana tso lɛ nɔ mi. Esoro bɔ ni amɛteɔ shi amɛwoɔ Ms kɛ larvae lɛ waa (40). Biɛ, wɔkase tsakpaa ni yɔɔ nɛkɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ nɛɛ kɛ amɛ metabolic plasticity lɛ teŋ lɛ he nii. Kɛtsɔ tawa henɔi ejwɛ ni awie he yɛ ŋwɛi nɛɛ anɔ lɛ, kɛ tsakpaa ni yɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ kɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ metabolome ni herbivores kɛbaa lɛ kɛ tsei ni teɔ shi woɔ Ms kɛ Sl lɛ ateŋ lɛ kaa, wɔna akɛ shitee-kɛ-woo, srɔtofeemɔ kɛ srɔtofeemɔ kɛha generalist Sl Fɛɛ yɛ tsakpaa kpakpa, yɛ be mli ni tsakpaa ni yɔɔ shitee-kɛ-woo kɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ ŋaalɔi lɛ ateŋ lɛ ji kɛ Fig. S10). Yɛ S1 shitee-kɛ-woo he lɛ, N. chinensis kɛ N. gracilis ni egbɔjɔ lɛ fɛɛ, ni atsɔɔ tsutsu akɛ amɛjieɔ JA okadi tsakemɔ ŋwɛigbɛi kɛ metabolome plasticity fɛɛ kpo lɛ, yɛ hetooi srɔtoi babaoo kɛha herbivore induction, ni amɛ hu amɛjie shitee-kɛ-woo ni nɔ kwɔ ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ kpo. Bɔlɛnamɔ.
Yɛ afii nyɔŋmai ekpaa ni eho lɛ mli lɛ, tsei ahebuu he nilee lɛ kɛ tsɔɔmɔ gbɛjianɔtoo ko eha, ni niiamlitaolɔi damɔ nɔ amɛgba sutsakemɔ kɛ tsei amli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ anitsumɔi babaoo. Nɛkɛ susumɔi nɛɛ ateŋ babaoo nyiɛɛɛɛ gbɛjianɔtoo ni yɔɔ daa ni ji yiŋkpɛɛi ni mli wa lɛ sɛɛ (41). Amɛtsɔɔ gbalɛi titrii (3) yɛ mlipɛimɔ ŋwɛi gbɛhe kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ mli. Kɛji gbalɛi titrii lɛ akasemɔ lɛ ŋmɛ gbɛ ni apɛi susumɔi pɔtɛɛ komɛi amli lɛ, enɛ baaha nitsumɔ lɛ aya hiɛ. Fiɔ sɛɛ, shi okpoo mɛi krokomɛi (42). Yɛ no najiaŋ lɛ, susumɔ hee lɛ gbaa gbalɛi yɛ mlipɛimɔ ŋwɛi gbɛhei srɔtoi anɔ ni ekɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ he susumɔi heei fataa he (42). Shi kɛlɛ, abaanyɛ atsɔɔ susumɔi enyɔ ni atsɔɔ mli yɛ nitsumɔ mli, MT kɛ OD, mli mlɛo akɛ gbalɛi ni he hiaa ni kɔɔ tsakemɔi pɔtɛɛ ni jɛɔ tsofafeemɔ mli nibii amli ni kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ kɛbaa lɛ he: OD susumɔ lɛ heɔ eyeɔ akɛ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ tsofafeemɔ mli “ŋwɛi” lɛ mli lɛ ji gbɛtsɔɔmɔ ni nɔ kwɔ waa . MT tsɔɔmɔ lɛ heɔ eyeɔ akɛ nɛkɛ tsakemɔi nɛɛ baafee nɔ ni bɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ ni amɛbaaya nɔ amɛhi shi yɛ niyenii ni tsakeɔ lɛ mli, ni amɛfɔɔ nibii ni haa mɔ he waa ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ. Akɛ priori “hebuu” nibii ni yɔɔ mlɛo ni akɛfee OD kɛ MT gbalɛi lɛ amlipɛimɔi ni eho lɛ eka amɛ akwɛ. Nɛkɛ metabolite-centric kaai nɛɛ tsiɔ nyɛmɔ ni akɛpɛiɔ bɔ ni metabolome lɛ yaa hiɛ ehaa kɛ bɔ ni etsɔɔ nɔ etsuɔ ​​nii ehaa lɛ mli yɛ herbivory be mli lɛ naa, ni eŋmɛɛɛ gbɛ ni akaa yɛ akɔntaabuu gbɛjianɔtoo ni yaa nɔ daa mli koni ebi gbalɛi titrii ni abaanyɛ asusu he akɛ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni kɔɔ tsakemɔi ni baa tso mli metabolome lɛ mli lɛ he. Yɛ biɛ lɛ, wɔkɛ ŋaalee hee ni yɔɔ metabolomics ni damɔ kɔmpiuta nɔ MS nɔ lɛ tsu nii ni wɔfee deconvolution MS mlipɛimɔ yɛ shika ni kɔɔ saji ahe tsɔɔmɔi ahe lɛ mli koni wɔkɛka srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ enyɔ ni atsɔɔ yɛ jeŋ muu fɛɛ metabolomics lɛ ateŋ lɛ wɔkwɛ. Gbalɛ titri ni yɔɔ nɛkɛ susumɔ nɛɛ mli. Akɛ saji ahe nilee etsu nii yɛ nibii babaoo amli, titri lɛ yɛ nibii srɔtoi ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli kɛ niyenii mli hewalɛ ni hoɔ lɛ he niiamlitaomɔ mli (43). Shi, bɔ ni wɔle lɛ, enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ nitsumɔ ni akɛtsuɔ nii kɛtsɔɔ tsei lɛ amli nibii ni tsakeɔ amɛhe lɛ ahe saji amli, ni akɛtsuɔ shihilɛ mli naagbai ni kɔɔ nibii ni tsakeɔ yɛ be kukuoo mli lɛ ahe nii yɛ shihilɛ mli saji ahetoohamɔ mli. Yɛ gbɛ krɛdɛɛ ko nɔ lɛ, nyɛmɔ ni yɔɔ gbɛ nɛɛ nɔ lɛ damɔ nyɛmɔ ni eyɔɔ ni ekɛ nibii ni yɔɔ tsei srɔtoi amli kɛ amɛteŋ lɛ toɔ he koni epɛi bɔ ni kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ etsake kɛjɛ tsei srɔtoi amli kɛtee henɔi ateŋ sutsakemɔ nibii ni yɔɔ sutsakemɔ mli lɛ mli. Nibii amli tsakemɔ.
Nibii ni he hiaa waa lɛ amlipɛimɔ (PCA) tsakeɔ saji ni yɔɔ srɔtoi lɛ amli kɛyaa he ko ni akɛbaa shi koni anyɛ atsɔɔ nɔ titri ni yɔɔ saji lɛ amli lɛ mli, no hewɔ lɛ bei pii lɛ akɛtsuɔ nii akɛ gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ ataoɔ saji amli, tamɔ deconvolution metabolome. Shi kɛlɛ, dimensionality nɔtsemɔ baafite saji ni yɔɔ data kuu lɛ mli lɛ fã ko, ni PCA nyɛŋ aha saji ni kɔɔ sui ni kɔɔ bɔɔ nii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli lɛ ahe lɛ he, tamɔ: bɔ ni herbivores lɛ saa srɔtofeemɔi yɛ ŋmɔji pɔtɛɛi amli (nɔkwɛmɔnɔ, nii babaoo, mlijaa) Kɛ babaoo) metabolites? Mɛɛ nibii ni tsakeɔ nii amli lɛ ji nɔ ni tsɔɔ bɔ ni kooloo ko ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ yɔɔ ha? Kɛjɛ srɔtofeemɔ, srɔtofeemɔ kɛ inducibility he susumɔ mli lɛ, saji ni yɔɔ baa-specific metabolite profile lɛ mli lɛ fiteɔ, ni ana akɛ jwɛi-yelɔi ni ayeɔ lɛ baanyɛ aha metabolism pɔtɛɛ ko aya nɔ. Yɛ gbɛ ni wɔkpaaa gbɛ nɔ lɛ, wɔna akɛ, taakɛ atsɔɔ mli yɛ saji ahe nilee ni tsɔɔ nibii ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ amli lɛ, nɔ ni jɛɔ mli baa lɛ yɛ nɔ ni feɔ ekome babaoo yɛ jwɛi-yelɔi enyɔ lɛ atuatsemɔi lɛ asɛɛ (gbɛkɛ-niyeli generalist Sl) kɛ Solanaceae he nilelɔ Ms. Eyɛ mli akɛ amɛ niyeli subaŋ kɛ amɛjwɛŋmɔ yɛ srɔto kwraa moŋ. Nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ (FAC) shishijee yɛ OS (31). Kɛtsɔ herbivore OS ni akɛtsuɔ nii koni akɛtsa puncture pilamɔi ni ato he gbɛjianɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ, herbivore tsamɔ ni afee lɛ tamɔ nɔ ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ hu jie nɔ ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ kpo. Nɛkɛ gbɛjianɔtoo ni ato he gbɛjianɔ ni akɛkaseɔ bɔ ni tsei feɔ amɛnii amɛhaa kɛji kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ tutua amɛ lɛ jieɔ nibii ni haa mɔ tsui fãa ni tsakemɔi ni baa kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ aniyeli mli lɛ kɛbaa lɛ kɛyaa, ni no kɛ fitemɔi srɔtoi baa yɛ bei srɔtoi amli (34). FAC, ni ale akɛ eji nɔ titri ni kɛ OSM baa lɛ, haa JAS kɛ tsei amli tsofai krokomɛi ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ahetooi ni yɔɔ OSS1 mli lɛ baa shi, yɛ be mli ni OSS1 baa shi shii ohai abɔ (31). Shi kɛlɛ, OSS1 kɛ JA ni abua naa lɛ falɛ ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ ba kɛ akɛto OSM he. Atsɔɔ mli momo akɛ JA hetoo ni yɔɔ Nepenthes ni egbɔjɔ lɛ mli lɛ nuɔ OSM he waa, he ni FAC baanyɛ ahi enitsumɔ lɛ nɔ kɛji akɛ akɛ nu wo mli 1:1000 po (44). No hewɔ lɛ, kɛ akɛto OSM he lɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ FAC ni yɔɔ OSS1 lɛ mli lɛ faaa kwraa moŋ, shi eshɛɔ he ni ekɛ JA hela ni fa bɔ ni sa baa. Nikasemɔi ni eho lɛ etsɔɔ akɛ abaanyɛ akɛ protein ni tamɔ porin (45) kɛ oligosaccharides (46) atsu nii akɛ molecular nibii ni baaha tsei ahebuu hetooi aba yɛ OSS1 mli. Shi kɛlɛ, ekaaa shi faŋŋ lolo akɛ nɛkɛ elicitors ni yɔɔ OSS1 lɛ ji mɛi ni ha JA ni ana yɛ nikasemɔ ni yaa nɔ bianɛ lɛ mli lɛ buaa ehe naa.
Eyɛ mli akɛ nikasemɔi fioo komɛi pɛ yɔɔ ni tsɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ amli ni jɛɔ jwɛi-yelɔi srɔtoi loo exogenous JA loo SA (salicylic acid) (47) ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ mli baa lɛ mli moŋ, shi mɔ ko mɔ ko egbako jwɛi-nibii ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ ahe lɛ mligbalamɔ yɛ tso jwɛi lɛ mli kɛ bɔ ni etsuɔ ​​nii ehaa yɛ tsofa-kɛ-ŋma gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ nɔ lɛ mli. mɔ diɛŋtsɛ he saji. Nɛkɛ mlipɛimɔ nɛɛ ma nɔ mi ekoŋŋ akɛ, bɔ ni tsofai ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ yɔɔ mli lɛ kɛ tsofai ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ krokomɛi ni jeee JAs lɛ yeɔ tsakpaa lɛ ji nɔ ni haa tsofai ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ kɛbaa lɛ feɔ nɔ pɔtɛɛ. Yɛ gbɛ titri ko nɔ lɛ, wɔna akɛ ET ni OSM kɛbaa lɛ fa kwraa fe nɔ ni OSS1 kɛbaa lɛ. Nɛkɛ gbɛ nɛɛ kɛ FAC nibii babaoo ni yɔɔ OSM mli lɛ kpãa gbee, ni eji shihilɛ ni he hiaa ni fa bɔ ni sa kɛha ET tswaa (48) shishijee. Yɛ tsakpaa ni yɔɔ tsei kɛ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi ateŋ lɛ mli lɛ, ET okadi nitsumɔ yɛ tsei amli nibii ni tsakeɔ lɛ amli lɛ yaa nɔ lolo ni ekɛ ehiɛ fɔɔ kuu kome pɛ nɔ. Kɛfata he lɛ, nikasemɔi babaoo kɛ ET loo esɛɛnyiɛlɔi loo nibii srɔtoi ni tsiɔ nii anaa lɛ ni akɛtsuɔ nii kɛjɛɔ kponɔgbɛ lɛ etsu nii kɛkase bɔ ni ET lɛ tsuɔ nii ehaa lɛ, ni nɛkɛ tsofai ni jɛɔ kponɔgbɛ nɛɛ ni akɛtsuɔ nii nɛɛ baaha naagbai babaoo ni jeee pɔtɛɛ aba. Kɛha wɔ nilee lɛ, nikasemɔ nɛɛ damɔ shi kɛha klɛŋklɛŋ gbɛjianɔtoo wulu mlipɛimɔ ni kɔɔ ET nitsumɔ he yɛ ET ni akɛtsuɔ nii koni akɛfee ni anu transgenic tsei ni efite lɛ koni akɛto tsei amli metabolome dynamics lɛ he gbɛjianɔ. Herbivore-pɔtɛɛ ET ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ baanyɛ atsake metabolome hetoo lɛ. Nɔ ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ ji ET biosynthesis (ACO) kɛ jwɛŋmɔ (ETR1) nibii ni akɛtsuɔ nii ni jieɔ jwɛi-yelɔi pɔtɛɛ de novo ni abua naa ni ji phenolamides lɛ kpo. Atsɔɔ momo akɛ ET baanyɛ afee ni JA ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ buaa ehe naa jogbaŋŋ kɛtsɔ putrescine N-methyltransferase (49) lɛ ni ekwɛɔ nɔ lɛ nɔ. Shi, kɛjɛ tsɔne he susumɔ mli lɛ, ekaaa shi faŋŋ bɔ ni ET lɛ feɔ phenamide lɛ mlibotemɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ. Kɛfata ET lɛ okadi nitsumɔ lɛ he lɛ, abaanyɛ ajie tsɔne ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ hu kɛya S-adenosyl-1-methionine nɔ koni ekɛkudɔ shika ni akɛwoɔ polyaminophenol amides mli lɛ. S-adenosyl-1-methionine ji ET kɛ nɔ ni afɔɔ namɔ yɛ gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ afeɔ nibii ni wala yɔɔ mli lɛ ateŋ. Gbɛ ni ET okadi lɛ tsɔɔ nɔ ekwɛɔ bɔ ni phenolamide lɛ fa ha lɛ he miihia ni akase lɛ jogbaŋŋ.
Yɛ be kakadaŋŋ mli lɛ, yɛ nibii krɛdɛɛi ni aleee bɔ ni ato amɛhe gbɛjianɔ aha lɛ ayibɔ babaoo hewɔ lɛ, jwɛŋmɔ ni mli wa ni akɛhaa nibii pɔtɛɛ komɛi ni tsakeɔ lɛ nyɛɛɛ akwɛ be mli tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ nibii ni wala yɔɔ mli lɛ amli lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ yɛ nibii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli lɛ ateŋ nifeemɔi asɛɛ. Amrɔ nɛɛ, yɛ saji ahe nilee mlipɛimɔ naa lɛ, nɔ titri ni jɛɔ MS/MS spectrum nineshɛɛ ni damɔ metabolites ni bɛ hiɛdɔɔ nɔ lɛ mli baa ji akɛ, jwɛi-yelɔi ni yeɔ loo amɛkaseɔ jwɛi-yelɔi lɛ yaa nɔ amɛbaa metabolic sɔrɔtoi fɛɛ ni yɔɔ leaf metabolome lɛ mli lɛ shi yɛ be mli ni ehaa e-specialization lɛ yaa hiɛ. Nɛkɛ be kukuoo mli yaa hiɛ ni baa yɛ metabolome mli ni jwɛi-yelɔi kɛbaa nɛɛ kɛ synergistic yaa hiɛ yɛ transcriptome mli lɛ yɔɔ tsakpaa. Nɔ ni yeɔ ebuaa fe fɛɛ yɛ nɛkɛ metabolome wulu nɛɛ mli (ni yɔɔ Si jara ni nɔ kwɔ) ji metabolite krɛdɛɛ ni tsutsu lɛ eji jwɛiyeli nitsumɔ. Nɛkɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ nɛɛ kɛ OD tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbalɛ lɛ kpãa gbee, shi MT gbalɛ ni kɔɔ metabolome reprogramming lɛ he lɛ kɛ ehe kpaaa gbee. Shi kɛlɛ, nɛkɛ saji nɛɛ hu kɛ gbalɛ ni kɔɔ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ni efutu lɛ he lɛ kpãa gbee (MT ni hi fe fɛɛ; Mfoniri 1B), ejaakɛ metabolites krokomɛi ni bɛ su ni aleee hebuu nitsumɔi lɛ baanyɛ anyiɛ Si mlijaa ni baa trukaa lɛ sɛɛ lolo.
Nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ waa ni niiamlitaomɔ nɛɛ tsɔɔ mli ji akɛ, kɛjɛ sutsakemɔ bibioo lɛ mli (tso kome kɛ tawa yibɔ) kɛyashi sutsakemɔ mli (tawa henɔi ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa) lɛ nɔ lɛ, sutsakemɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ mli srɔtoi yɛ “hebuu ni hi fe fɛɛ” mli Srɔtofeemɔi ni sa kadimɔ waa yɛ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ anyɛmɔi amli. Moore kɛ ekrokomɛi. (20) kɛ Kessler kɛ Kalske (1) amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛsusu akɛ amɛbaatsake nibii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli lɛ ateŋ nitsumɔi etɛ ni Whittaker (50) jie amɛ kpo shishijee lɛ amɛwo tsofai srɔtoi lɛ amli tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ be kukuoo mli ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ mli; nɛkɛ niŋmalɔi nɛɛ hu efooo mli kuku Gbɛjianɔtoi ni akɛbuaa metabolome he saji babaoo anaa lɛ hu etsɔɔɔ bɔ ni abuɔ metabolic srɔtofeemɔ he akɔntaa kɛjɛɔ saji nɛɛ amli. Yɛ nikasemɔ nɛɛ mli lɛ, tsakemɔi bibii ni afeɔ yɛ Whittaker nitsumɔ mli srɔtofeemɔ lɛ mli lɛ baasusu α-metabolic srɔtoi lɛ ahe akɛ MS/MS spectra lɛ srɔtoi yɛ tso ko mli, kɛ β-metabolic srɔtoi lɛ akɛ shishijee intraspecific metabolism ni yɔɔ gbɔmɛi akuu ko mli Space, kɛ γ-metabolic srɔtoi lɛ baafee nɔ ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ lɛ mlilɛɛmɔ.
JA okadi lɛ he hiaa waa kɛha tsofai ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ ahetooi srɔtoi babaoo. Shi kɛlɛ, kaa ni mli wa ni kɔɔ yelikɛbuamɔ ni jɛɔ JA biosynthesis mli mlai amli kɛyaa metabolome srɔtoi lɛ anɔ lɛ bɛ, ni kɛji JA okadi lɛ ji he ko ni haomɔ ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ yaa nɔ yɛ macroevolutionary skel ni nɔ kwɔ nɔ lɛ ji nɔ ni anyɛɛɛ ana lolo. Wɔna akɛ Nepenthes jwɛi yeli su lɛ haa metabolome he nitsumɔ kɛ metabolome srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ Nicotiana henɔi lɛ ayibɔ mli kɛ Nicotiana henɔi ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa lɛ ateŋ lɛ kɛ JA okadi lɛ yɔɔ tsakpaa kpakpa. Kɛfata he lɛ, kɛ́ JA okadi lɛ fite lɛ, abaafo mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ni genotype kome ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ tsirɛɔ lɛ mli (Mfoniri 3, C kɛ E). Akɛni tsakemɔi ni baa Nepenthes yibɔi ni egbɔjɔ lɛ amli lɛ ji nɔ ni fa babaoo hewɔ lɛ, tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ β srɔtoi kɛ nɔ pɔtɛɛ ni yɔɔ mlipɛimɔ nɛɛ mli lɛ baanyɛ ajɛ shweremɔ ni mli wa ni jɛɔ bɔɔ nii ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ amli lɛ mli baa. Nɛkɛ nibii nɛɛ yeɔ metabolome lɛ fã ko nɔ ni ekɛ tsakpaa kpakpa baa kɛ JA okadii lɛ.
Akɛni tsofai ni wala yɔɔ mli ni yɔɔ tawa henɔi ni bɛŋkɛ lɛ kpaakpa lɛ amli lɛ yɛ srɔto kwraa hewɔ lɛ, ayɔseɔ nibii ni tsakeɔ mli lɛ tɛ̃ɛ yɛ su ni yɔɔ mli lɛ mli, no hewɔ lɛ, eji nɔ ni akwɛɔ mli jogbaŋŋ. Saji ahe nilee ni kɔɔ niyenii ni tsakeɔ yɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ he lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo akɛ niyenii ni yeɔ jwɛi lɛ haa jarayeli ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni tsakeɔ yɛ niyenii mli lɛ mli lɛ mli waa. JA okadi lɛ tsuɔ gbɛfaŋnɔ titri ko he nii yɛ jarayeli nɛɛ mli. Metabolome he nilee ni yaa hiɛ lɛ kɛ OD gbalɛ titri lɛ kpãa gbee ni ekɛ JA okadi lɛ yɔɔ tsakpaa kpakpa, yɛ be mli ni JA okadi lɛ kɛ metabolic gamma srɔtoi lɛ bɛ tsakpaa kpakpa. Nɛkɛ nɔkwɛmɔnii nɛɛ tsɔɔ akɛ OD nyɛmɔ ni tsei yɔɔ lɛ damɔ JA plasticity lɛ nɔ titri, kɛji yɛ sutsakemɔ bibioo mli loo sutsakemɔ wulu nɔ. Exogenous JA nitsumɔ shikpamɔi ni tsiɔ JA biosynthesis naagbai lɛ anaa lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo akɛ abaanyɛ ajie tawa henɔi ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa lɛ amli awo okadi-hetoo kɛ okadi-hetoo henɔi amli, tamɔ bɔ ni amɛ JA kɛ metabolome plasticity ni herbivores tsirɛɔ lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Signal non-responsive henɔi lɛ nyɛŋ aha hetoo yɛ amɛ nyɛmɔ ni amɛnyɛŋ amɛfee endogenous JA lɛ hewɔ ni no hewɔ lɛ amɛyɛ gbɔmɔtsoŋ naagbai ashishi. Enɛ baanyɛ ajɛ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ tsɛŋemɔ helai komɛi amli yɛ JA okadi gbɛ lɛ nɔ (AOS kɛ JAR4 yɛ N. crescens mli) ni. Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba nɛɛ maa nɔ mi akɛ nɛkɛ sutsakemɔ nibii nɛɛ baanyɛ ajɛ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ bɔ ni amɛnuɔ nii ahe amɛhaa kɛ bɔ ni amɛtsuɔ nii amɛhaa lɛ mli.
Kɛfata tsakpaa ni yɔɔ tsei kɛ kooloi ni yeɔ jwɛi ateŋ lɛ he lɛ, nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ahe niiamlitaomɔ lɛ kɛ hiɛyaa ni he hiaa ni eba yɛ nibii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli lɛ ahe niiamlitaomɔ mli kɛ sui ni mli wawai ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli lɛ ahe niiamlitaomɔ mli lɛ yɔɔ tsakpaa. Kɛtsɔ saji ni ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ MS nibii ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ náa lɛ ayibɔ ni yaa hiɛ lɛ nɔ lɛ, susumɔi ni akaa yɛ metabolic srɔtofeemɔ he lɛ baanyɛ atsɔ srɔtofeemɔi ni yɔɔ metabolite mli lɛ aŋkroaŋkroi/kui amli amrɔ nɛɛ ni efee jeŋ muu fɛɛ mlipɛimɔ ni ejie nibii ni akpaaa gbɛ lɛ akpo. Yɛ mlipɛimɔ ni da mli lɛ, mfonirifeemɔ ko ni he hiaa ji susumɔ ni ji shikpɔŋ ahe mfoniri ni shishinumɔ yɔɔ he ni abaanyɛ akɛtsu nii kɛtao saji amli lɛ he susumɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, nɔ ko ni he hiaa ni jɛɔ MS/MS metabolomics kɛ saji ahe nilee ni bɛ hiɛdɔɔ ni akɛfee ekome amrɔ nɛɛ mli baa ji akɛ, ekɛ mɛtrik ni yɔɔ mlɛo ni abaanyɛ akɛtsu nii kɛfee shikpɔŋ ahe mfoniri ni akɛkwɛ metabolic sɔrɔtoi lɛ amli yɛ taxonomic skel srɔtoi anɔ lɛ haa. Eji gbɛ nɛɛ shishijee taomɔ nii. Nikasemɔ ni kɔɔ sutsakemɔ bibioo/wulu kɛ akutsoŋ shihilɛ he.
Yɛ macro-evolutionary ŋwɛi gbɛhe lɛ, nɔ ni yɔɔ tso-kooloi a-evolution theory ni Ehrlich kɛ Raven (51) wie lɛ mli ji ni amɛtsɔɔ akɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ bɔɔ nii sɔrɔtoi ateŋ lɛ ji nɔ ni kɛ tsei akui amli shweremɔ baa. Shi, yɛ afii nyɔŋmai enumɔ ni eho kɛjɛ be mli ni akala nɛkɛ seminal nitsumɔ nɛɛ mli lɛ, akako nɛkɛ susumɔ nɛɛ akwɛ tsɔ (52). Enɛ jɛɔ phylogenetic su ni ji metabolic su ni akɛtoɔ he yɛ tsei akui ni yɔɔ shɔŋŋ lɛ amli lɛ hewɔ. Abaanyɛ akɛ nɔ ni anaaa lɛ atsu nii ni akɛtswa gbɛi ni akɛpɛiɔ nii amli lɛ ama shi. MS/MS nitsumɔ ni yaa nɔ amrɔ nɛɛ ni saji ahe nilee tsuɔ he nii lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni MS/MS lɛ mli nibii ni aleee lɛ yeɔ egbɔ (ni nɔ ko bɛ ni ahala dani eba) ni etsakeɔ nɛkɛ MS/MSs nɛɛ ewoɔ MS/MS kuu mli, no hewɔ lɛ yɛ nitsumɔ mli nibii ahe nitsumɔ mli Akɛ nɛkɛ macro-evolutionary models nɛɛ toɔ srɔtofeemɔ mli. Akɔntaabuu mli okadii ni yɔɔ mlɛo. Gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ tamɔ phylogenetic mlipɛimɔ, ni baanyɛ ekɛ sɛɛkuu lɛ atsu nii ni ekɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni srɔtofeemɔ loo su sutsakemɔ yɔɔ ha ni atsɔɔɔ hiɛ atsɔɔɔ.
Yɛ biochemical ŋwɛi gbɛhe lɛ, Firn kɛ Jones (53) screening hypothesis lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, akwɛɔ metabolic srɔtofeemɔ lɛ nɔ yɛ ŋwɛi gbɛhei srɔtoi anɔ koni akɛ nibii ni afee lɛ ŋmɔŋ aha koni akɛtsu wala yibii nitsumɔi ni tsutsu lɛ bɛ tsakpaa loo nɔ ni akɛtoɔ najiaŋ lɛ tsuɔ nii. Adafitswaa gbɛi haa gbɛjianɔtoo ko ni nɛkɛ metabolite-specific sutsakemɔ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ metabolite he nilee be mli lɛ baanyɛ asusu he akɛ sutsakemɔ mlikwɛmɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ fã: wala yibii ni tsuɔ nii kɛjɛɔ srɔtofeemɔ ni baa shi kɛyaa srɔtofeemɔ ni nɔ kwɔ nɔ ni tsiɔ metabolite ni yɔɔ shihilɛ ko mli lɛ naa.
Yɛ fɛɛ mli lɛ, yɛ molecular biology shishijee gbii lɛ amli lɛ, afee tsei ahebuu he nilee ni he hiaa waa, ni abuɔ gbɛi ni atsɔɔ nɔ asusuɔ nii ahe lɛ akɛ eji gbɛ pɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ atsɔɔ jeŋ nilee hiɛyaa. Enɛ jɛɔ ŋaa gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ asusuɔ metabolome muu lɛ fɛɛ he lɛ hewɔ titri. Eyɛ mli akɛ gbɛi ni atsɔɔ nɔ asusuɔ nii ahe lɛ he hiaa waa yɛ gbɛi krokomɛi ni kɛ nibii baa lɛ ahalamɔ mli moŋ, shi amɛnyɛmɔ ni amɛkɛhaa wɔ shishinumɔ ni kɔɔ wala yibii ahe lɛ yaa hiɛ lɛ faaa fe kɔmpiuta gbɛi ni yɔɔ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ jeŋ nilee ni kɔɔ saji babaoo he lɛ mli. No hewɔ lɛ, susumɔi ni anyɛɛɛ atsɔɔ hiɛ atsɔɔ lɛ fe bɔ ni saji ni yɔɔ lɛ yɔɔ ha lɛ kwraa, no hewɔ lɛ, anyɛɛɛ ajie hiɛyaa ni yɔɔ niiamlitaomɔ nitsumɔ lɛ mli lɛ he susumɔ ni ji fɔmula/kaa lɛ (4). Wɔnaa akɛ kɔmpiuta nɔ nitsumɔ ni kɔɔ metabolomics ni ajie lɛ kpo yɛ biɛ lɛ baanyɛ aha miishɛɛ aya hiɛ yɛ nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ (bɔ ni) kɛ naagbee (nɔ hewɔ) saji ni kɔɔ metabolic srɔtofeemɔ he lɛ mli ekoŋŋ, ni eye ebua kɛha be hee ni kɔɔ saji ahe nilee ni kudɔɔ lɛ he. Be lɛ pɛi susumɔi ni he hiaa ni tsirɛ yinɔi ni eho lɛ amli ekoŋŋ.
Akɛ niyenii ni yeɔ jwɛi tɛ̃ɛ tsuɔ nii kɛtsɔ instar larva ni ji enyɔ loo Sl larva ni akwɛɔ nɔ yɛ Pale-colored pitcher tso kome ni ji rose tso kome ni fɔɔ fɔfɔi lɛ baa nɔ, ni tso 10 yɔɔ tso kome mli lɛ nɔ. Akɛ klampi fĩ kooloi lɛ ashishifãi lɛ ahe, ni abua baai lɛ amli fãji ni eshwɛ lɛ anaa yɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai 24 kɛ 72 sɛɛ beni hela lɛ emɔ amɛ lɛ, ni afee amɛ fɛ̃i oya, ni ajie nibii ni tsakeɔ amɛhe lɛ.
Kasemɔ tsofafeemɔ ni akɛyeɔ jwɛi yɛ gbɛ ni kɛ ehe kpãa gbee waa nɔ. Gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ atsuɔ he nii ji akɛ, akɛ mama ni akɛfee mfoniri lɛ atsu nii ni akɛfo ŋmeii etɛ ni yɔɔ tso lɛ baai etɛ ni egbɛ eshwa kwraa lɛ ateŋ fã fɛɛ fã mli yɛ be mli ni mama lɛ mli ŋmeii lɛ miida lɛ, ni akɛ 1:5 Diluted Ms. loo gloved fingers awo mli amrɔ nɔŋŋ ni akɛfo S1 wound lɛ mli. Kpãa ni otsu baa ko he nii taakɛ atsɔɔ mli yɛ yiteŋgbɛ lɛ. Kɛ gbɛ ni atsɔɔ mli kɛtsɔ hiɛ lɛ atsu nii ni okɛjie shishijee nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ kɛ tsei amli tsofai ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ (54).
Kɛha exogenous JA nitsumɔi lɛ, akɛ 20μl ni ji lanolin paste ni 150μg MeJA (Lan + MeJA) yɔɔ mli lɛ tsuɔ petiole baai etɛ ni yɔɔ rose tsei enumɔ lɛ eko fɛɛ eko mli lɛ ahe nii, kɛ 20μl ni ji lanolin kɛ purμe nɔkwɛmɔ tsofa (Lan + la0 W), loo akɛtsu nii akɛ purμe W. Akpa baai lɛ yɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai 72 sɛɛ beni atsa amɛ lɛ, ni akɛwo nu ni ji nitrogen mli, ni akɛto -80°C kɛyashi akɛbaatsu nii.
Ayoo JA kɛ ET ni akɛtsakeɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ejwɛ, ni ji irAOC (36), irCOI1 (55), irACO kɛ sETR1 (48) yɛ wɔ niiamlitaomɔ kuu lɛ mli. irAOC tsɔɔ akɛ JA kɛ JA-Ile lɛ nɔ baa shi waa, yɛ be mli ni irCOI1 lɛ bɛ JAs lɛ ahe jwɛŋmɔ. Kɛ akɛto EV he lɛ, JA-Ile ni abua naa lɛ tee hiɛ. Nakai nɔŋŋ hu irACO baaha ET ni ajieɔ lɛ aba shi, ni kɛ akɛto EV he lɛ, sETR1 ni bɛ ET henumɔ lɛ baaha ET ni ajieɔ lɛ aya hiɛ.
Akɛ fotoakustik laser spektromita (Sensor Sense ETD-300 be-mli ET sensor) tsuɔ nii kɛsusuɔ ET he ni ekɛ ehe wooo mli. Beni atsa lɛ sɛɛ nɔŋŋ lɛ, afo baai lɛ fã ni akɛwo glase tsinsii ko ni tsiimɔ ji 4-ml ni atsĩ naa lɛ mli, ni aŋmɛ gbɛ ni yitso lɛ he lɛ ebua ehe naa yɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai enumɔ mli. Yɛ susumɔ lɛ mli lɛ, akɛ kɔɔyɔɔ krɔŋŋ ni ji litai 2/ŋmɛlɛtswaa kome mli minitii 8, ni tsutsu ko lɛ etsɔ tsɔne ko ni Sensor Sense kɛha koni ekɛjie CO2 kɛ nu lɛ mli lɛ shwie vial fɛɛ vial nɔ minitii 8.
Akɛ microarray saji lɛ je kpo yɛ (35) mli ni akɛto maŋ lɛ mli nitsumɔhe ni kwɛɔ wala yibii ahe saji anɔ lɛ (NCBI) Gene Kpojiemɔ Saji Atoohe (yibɔ ni akɛboteɔ mli GSE30287). Ajie saji ni kɛ baai ni W + OSMs tsofafeemɔ kɛ nɔ ni efiteee lɛ kɛbaa lɛ kpãa gbee lɛ kɛjɛ mli kɛha nikasemɔ nɛɛ. Hewalɛ ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ji log2. Dani abaakwɛ akɔntaabuu mli lɛ, atsake shishijee lɛ ni afee lɛ bɔ ni sa kɛtee e-75th percentile lɛ nɔ kɛtsɔ R tsɔne ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ nɔ.
Ajie shishijee RNA sɛɛkuu (RNA-seq) ni kɔɔ Nicotiana henɔi lɛ ahe lɛ kɛjɛ NCBI Kanemɔ Kuku Woji Atoohe (SRA), nitsumɔ lɛ yibɔ ji PRJNA301787, ni Zhou kɛ ekrokomɛi bɔ he amaniɛ. (39) ni oya nɔ taakɛ atsɔɔ mli yɛ (56) lɛ mli lɛ. Ahala raw data ni W + W, W + OSM kɛ W + OSS1 ni kɛ Nicotiana henɔi lɛ kpãa gbee lɛ tsuɔ he nii lɛ koni akɛpɛi mli yɛ nikasemɔ nɛɛ mli, ni atsu he nii yɛ gbɛ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ nɔ: Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, atsake raw RNA-seq nikanemɔi lɛ awo FASTQ gbɛjianɔtoo mli. HISAT2 tsakeɔ FASTQ kɛyaa SAM, ni SAMtools tsakeɔ SAM faili kɛyaa BAM faili ni ato he gbɛjianɔ lɛ mli. Akɛ StringTie tsuɔ nii kɛbuɔ bɔ ni wala yibii lɛ jieɔ amɛhe kpo amɛhaa lɛ he akɔntaa, ni gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ ajieɔ lɛ kpo lɛ ji akɛ, fãi yɛ shishijee fãi akpe mli yɛ fãi akpekpei ni ato he gbɛjianɔ ni aŋmalaa lɛ amli.
150 mm x 2.1 mm; fãji bibii lɛ adalɛ 2.2μm) ni akɛtsu nii yɛ mlipɛimɔ lɛ mli lɛ kɛ 4 mm x 4 mm bulɔ ŋwɛitsu lɛ ji nibii kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ. Akɛ ŋwɛi ŋta ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ tsuɔ nii yɛ Dionex UltiMate 3000 Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ mli: minitii 0 kɛyashi 0.5, isocratic 90% A [nu ni mli ewo muji, 0.1% (v/v) acetonitrile kɛ B%toni acid,05% kɛha 0.05% ni ji fɔmɔk asid); 0.5 kɛyashi minitii 23.5, ŋwɛi ŋta lɛ ji 10% A kɛ 90% B, yɛ gbɛ kome nɔ; 23.5 kɛyashi minitii 25, isocratic 10% A kɛ 90% B. Nɔ ni hoɔ lɛ ji 400μl/min. Kɛha MS mlipɛimɔi fɛɛ lɛ, okɛ tsɔne ni akɛkwɛɔ nibii amli lɛ awo quadrupole kɛ be-kɛ-fɔmɔ (qTOF) mlipɛimɔ ni akɛ electrospray jɛɛhe ni tsuɔ nii yɛ ionization gbɛ ni hi nɔ lɛ ewo mli (kapilɛri voltage, 4500 V; kapilɛri mli tsɔne lɛ kpojiemɔ 130 V ; Drying flowring 200°C aiters li/0C;
Feemɔ MS / MS mli fãi amlipɛimɔ (ni atsɛɔ lɛ yɛ biɛ akɛ MS / MS) ni he ehiaaa loo anyɛɛɛ ajie lɛ kpo kɛjɛ saji lɛ amli koni ana gbɛjianɔtoo he saji ni kɔɔ bɔ ni gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔ̃ɔ ehe lɛ fɛɛ yɔɔ ha lɛ he. MS/MS gbɛ ni tsɔɔɔ mɔ ko hiɛaŋkwɛmɔ lɛ he susumɔ lɛ damɔ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ quadrupole lɛ yɛ samflɛ ni da waa ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ nɔ [no hewɔ lɛ, susumɔ mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) okadii lɛ fɛɛ he akɛ fãi]. Yɛ yiŋtoo nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, akɛni Impact II dɛŋdade lɛ nyɛɛɛ afee CE tilt hewɔ lɛ, afee niiamlipɛimɔi babaoo ni jɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛhe kɛtsɔ gbeekpamɔ ni haa gbeekpamɔ hewalɛ (CE) sɛɛnamɔi ni yaa hiɛ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ kukufoo mli lɛ, klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, akwɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ mli kɛtsɔ UHPLC-electrospray ionization/qTOF-MS nɔ kɛtsɔ mass spectrometry gbɛ kome nɔ (shihilɛi ni baa shi ni jɛɔ mligbalamɔ ni yɔɔ jɛɛhe lɛ mli baa lɛ nɔ), skanning kɛjɛ m/z 50 kɛyashi 1500 yɛ 5 Hz ni afɔɔ feemɔ lɛ mli. Kɛ nitrogen atsu nii akɛ tsɔne ni akɛtswaa la kɛha MS/MS mlipɛimɔ, ni ofee susumɔi ni yɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ yɛ tsɔnei ejwɛ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ amli: 20, 30, 40, kɛ 50 eV. Yɛ susumɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ mli fɛɛ lɛ, quadrupole lɛ yɛ mass isolation samflɛ ni da fe fɛɛ, kɛjɛ m/z 50 kɛyashi 1500. Kɛ́ akɛ hiɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ m/z kɛ isolation width kaa lɛ to 200 lɛ, mass range lɛ tsuɔ nii diɛŋtsɛ kɛtsɔ dɛŋdade lɛ nitsumɔ tsɔne lɛ nɔ kɛ 0 Da. Skan kɛha mass mli fãi tamɔ yɛ mass kome mli. Akɛ sodium formate (isopropanol 50 ml, formic acid 200 μl kɛ NaOH nu mli 1M 1 ml) atsu nii kɛha tsɔne ni akɛkwɛɔ bɔ ni tsɔne lɛ fa ha lɛ. Kɛtsɔ Bruker tsɔne ni akɛkwɛɔ nibii amli jogbaŋŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ, akwɛɔ saji lɛ amli yɛ be mli ni atsuɔ ŋwɛi ŋta lɛ he nii yɛ be pɔtɛɛ ko mli lɛ sɛɛ. Kɛ data mlipɛimɔ v4.0 tsɔne ni akɛyaa maŋsɛɛ lɛ (Brook Dalton, Bremen, Germany) lɛ atsu nii ni okɛtsake data faili ni afee lɛ ŋmɔŋ lɛ awo NetCDF gbɛjianɔtoo mli. Akɛ MS/MS adafitswaa lɛ eto MetaboLights (www.ebi.ac.uk) lɛ mli kɛ yibɔ ni akɛboteɔ mli lɛ. MTBLS1471.
MS/MS kpee lɛ baanyɛ aba mli kɛtsɔ tsakpaa mlipɛimɔ ni ka MS1 kɛ MS/MS kpakpa okadii kɛha gbeekpamɔ hewalɛ ni baa shi kɛ nɔ ni nɔ kwɔ kɛ mlai heei ni akɛtsu nii lɛ ateŋ lɛ nɔ. Akɛ R niŋmaa lɛ tsuɔ nii koni akɛna tsakpaa ni yɔɔ nɔ ni tsɔɔ hiɛ lɛ mlijaa lɛ mli lɛ mlipɛimɔ, ni akɛ C# niŋmaa lɛ (https://github.com/MPI-DL/indiscriminant-MS-MS-assembly-pipeline) tsuɔ nii koni akɛ mlai lɛ atsu nii.
Bɔni afee ni ajie amale tɔmɔi ni hi jogbaŋŋ ni jɛɔ sɛɛgbɛ gbee kɛ amale tsakpaa ni jɛɔ m/z nibii komɛi ni anaa yɛ nɔkwɛmɔnii fioo komɛi pɛ amli lɛ mli baa lɛ shi lɛ, wɔkɛ “filled peak” nitsumɔ ni yɔɔ R paketi XCMS (kɛha sɛɛgbɛ gbee jajemɔ) lɛ tsuɔ nii Esa akɛ akɛtsu nii ni akɛto “NA petende intensity” lɛ najiaŋ. Kɛ akɛ fill peak nitsumɔ lɛ tsu nii lɛ, “0′′ hewalɛ sɛɛnamɔi babaoo yɛ lolo yɛ data kuu lɛ mli ni baaná tsakpaa lɛ he akɔntaabuu lɛ nɔ hewalɛ. No sɛɛ lɛ, wɔkɛ data nitsumɔ hetooi ni anáa beni akɛ fill peak nitsumɔ lɛ tsu nii kɛ be mli ni fill peak nitsumɔ lɛ tsuuu nii lɛ toɔ he, ni wɔbuɔ sɛɛgbɛ gbee sɛɛnamɔ ni damɔ enɛɛmɛi anɔ lɛ he akɔntaa. intensity values ​​kɛ sɛɛgbɛ sɛɛnamɔ ni abu he akɔntaa lɛ Wɔsusu sui ni amɛhewalɛ fe sɛɛgbɛ sɛɛnamɔ lɛ toi etɛ pɛ he ni wɔbu amɛ akɛ “anɔkwa yitsei.” Kɛha PCC akɔntaabuu lɛ, m/z okadii ni ji nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ni tsɔɔ hiɛ (MS1) lɛ kɛ fragment data sets ni kɛ hoo lɛ anɔkwa yitsei ekpaa yɔɔ mli lɛ pɛ ji nɔ ni asusuɔ he.
Kɛji akɛ sɛɛkuu-kɛsaramɔ su lɛ mli hewalɛ ni yɔɔ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ fɛɛ mli lɛ kɛ su ni hi jogbaŋŋ lɛ nɔŋŋ mli hewalɛ ni baa shi ni baa shi loo nɔ ni yaa hiɛ ni akɛkpeɔ shi lɛ yeɔ tsakpaa waa, ni CAMERA etsɔɔɔ su lɛ akɛ isotope peak lɛ, abaanyɛ atsɔɔ mli jogbaŋŋ. No sɛɛ lɛ, kɛtsɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni baanyɛ aba lɛ he akɔntaabuu nɔ yɛ 3 s mli (be ni asusuɔ akɛ ahiɛ mli kɛha nɔ ni fe fɛɛ lɛ), afeɔ tsakpaa lɛ mlipɛimɔ. Kɛji akɛ m/z jara lɛ ba shi fe nɔ ni tsɔɔ hiɛ lɛ jara lɛ ni MS/MS mligbalamɔ ba yɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ he kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ mli yɛ data kuu lɛ mli tamɔ nɔ ni tsɔɔ hiɛ ni ajie lɛ kɛjɛ mli lɛ pɛ kɛkɛ ni abuɔ lɛ akɛ eji mligbalamɔ.
Kɛtsɔ mlai enyɔ ni yɔɔ mlɛo nɛɛ anɔ lɛ, wɔjieɔ fãi ni atsɔɔ mli ni m/z jara fe m/z ni yɔɔ hiɛnyiɛlɔ ni ayɔse lɛ mli lɛ kɛjɛɔ mli, ni wɔdamɔɔ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ he ni hiɛnyiɛlɔ lɛ jeɔ kpo yɛ lɛ kɛ fãi ni atsɔɔ lɛ nɔ. Ekolɛ, abaanyɛ ahala nibii ni hi jogbaŋŋ ni jɛɔ mli nibii babaoo ni yɔɔ mli lɛ amli ni ajieɔ yɛ MS1 gbɛ nɔ lɛ mli lɛ akɛ nɔ ni tsɔɔ hiɛ, ni no haa MS/MS nibii ni he ehiaaa lɛ baa. Bɔni afee ni ajie nɛkɛ saji ni fa babaoo nɛɛ shi lɛ, kɛji akɛ NDP ni tamɔ nɔ ni yɔɔ ŋwɛibɔfoi lɛ ateŋ lɛ fe 0.6, ni amɛfata chromatogram “pcgroup” ni CAMERA tsɔɔ mli lɛ he lɛ, wɔbaafee amɛ ekome. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, wɔkɛ CE hetooi ejwɛ lɛ fɛɛ ni kɛ nɔ ni tsɔɔ hiɛ lɛ kɛ fãi lɛ yeɔ tsakpaa lɛ feɔ ekome kɛyaa naagbee deconvoluted composite spectrum lɛ mli kɛtsɔ ŋwɛi ŋta ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ ni wɔhalaa yɛ ŋwɛi ŋta ni ji m/z sɛɛnamɔ kome lɛ nɔŋŋ yɛ gbeekpamɔ hewalɛi srɔtoi amli lɛ nɔ. Nibii ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ damɔ shishinumɔ ni ji composite spectrum lɛ nɔ ni esusuɔ CE shihilɛi srɔtoi ni he hiaa koni akɛha mligbalamɔ aya hiɛ lɛ he, ejaakɛ abaanyɛ ana mligbalamɔi komɛi yɛ gbeekpamɔ hewalɛ pɔtɛɛ ko shishi pɛ.
RDPI (30) lɛ ji nɔ ni akɛbu bɔ ni gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli nibii ni tsakeɔ lɛ baanyɛ afee nɔ ni anyɛɔ atsuɔ he nii ahaa lɛ he akɔntaa. Nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ (Hj index) lɛ jɛɔ MS/MS nibii ni tsɔɔ hiɛ lɛ babaoo ni akɛ Shannon entropy ni ji MS/MS shii abɔ mlijaa lɛ tsuɔ nii kɛtsɔɔ equation ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ ni Martínez kɛ ekrokomɛi tsɔɔ mli lɛ mli. (8). Hj = −∑i = 1mPijlog2(Pij) he ni Pij kɛ MS/MS ni ji i-th lɛ mli shii abɔ ni yɔɔ j-th nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ mli lɛ kpãa gbee (j = 1, 2,..., m) (i = 1, 2, ..., m) t).
Atsɔɔ Metabolic specificity (Si index) shishi akɛ eji MS/MS ko ni aha lɛ kpojiemɔ yɛ bɔ ni afeɔ lɛ shii abɔ yɛ nɔkwɛmɔnii ni asusuɔ he lɛ ateŋ lɛ he. MS/MS pɔtɛɛ abuɔ he akɔntaa akɛ Si = 1t (∑j = 1tPijPilog2PijPi)
Kɛ fɔmula ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ asusu metabolome-pɔtɛɛ δj index ni yɔɔ j nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ eko fɛɛ eko mli lɛ he, kɛ MS/MS pɔtɛɛ δj = ∑i = 1mPijSi lɛ mlijaa .
Akɛ MS/MS spectra lɛ toɔ he enyɔ enyɔ, ni abuɔ nɔ ni tamɔ amɛhe lɛ he akɔntaa yɛ yibɔi enyɔ lɛ anɔ. Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, kɛtsɔ NDP ni ji ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ (ni ale lɛ hu akɛ cosine correlation gbɛ nɔ) lɛ nɔ lɛ, okɛ equation ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ atsu nii ni okɛ skor ni yɔɔ fã ni tamɔ nɔ ni yɔɔ spectra NDP = (∑iS1 & S2WS1, iWS2, i) 2∑iWS1, i2∑iWS2, i2 he ni S1 kɛ S2 kɛ iWS2 lɛ kpãa gbee, kɛha spectrum, 1. i damɔ shi kɛha shwiili ni damɔ ŋwɛi ŋta lɛ nɔ hewalɛ nɔ akɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ i-th common peak ni yɔɔ spectra enyɔ lɛ ateŋ lɛ faaa fe 0.01 Da. Akɛ shwiili lɛ buɔ shwiili lɛ he akɔntaa tamɔ nɛkɛ: W = [hewalɛ ni fe fɛɛ] m [hilɛ-kɛhamɔ] n, m = 0.5, n = 2, taakɛ MassBank tsɔɔ lɛ.
Akɛ skor gbɛ ni ji enyɔ tsu nii, ni nɔ ni fata he ji NL ni aja yɛ MS/MS teŋ lɛ mlipɛimɔ. Kɛha enɛ, wɔkɛ 52 NL lists ni afɔɔ kɛkpeɔ yɛ MS mligbalamɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ mli lɛ tsu nii yɛ tandem mli, kɛ NL pɔtɛɛ fe fɛɛ (data file S1) ni atsɔɔ mli tsutsu kɛha MS / MS spectrum ni ji enyɔ nɔ ni ji Nepenthes bɔɔ nii ni egbɔjɔ lɛ ( 9, 26 ). Kɛ MS/MS fɛɛ MS/MS, ni kɛ NL komɛi ni yɔɔ amrɔ nɛɛ kɛ nɔ ni bɛ lɛ kpãa gbee. Kɛ damɔ Euclidean sɛɛjɛkɛmɔ ni tamɔ amɛhe lɛ nɔ lɛ, abuɔ NL he ni tamɔ amɛhe lɛ he akɔntaa kɛha NL vectors ni ji enyɔ lɛ eko fɛɛ eko.
Kɛha kui enyɔ ni afeɔ lɛ, wɔkɛ R paketi DiffCoEx, ni damɔ Weighted Gene Co-expression Analysis (WGCNA) lɛ mlilɛɛmɔ nɔ lɛ tsu nii. Kɛtsɔ NDP kɛ NL skor matriks ni ji MS/MS spectra lɛ nɔ lɛ, wɔkɛ DiffCoEx tsu nii kɛbu sɛɛkpee tsakpaa matriks lɛ he akɔntaa. Akɛ “cutreeDynamic” parameter lɛ toɔ gbɛ = “hybrid”, cutHeight = 0.9999, deepSplit = T, kɛ minClusterSize = 10. (57); Abaanyɛ ana R WGCNA tsɔne ni ataoɔ lɛ yɛ https://horvath.genetics.ucla.edu/html/CoexpressionNetwork/Rpackages/WGCNA.
Bɔni afee ni wɔfee MS/MS molecular network mlipɛimɔ lɛ, wɔbu spectral tsakpaa ni damɔ NDP kɛ NL ni tamɔ amɛhe lɛ nɔ lɛ he akɔntaa, ni wɔkɛ Cytoscape tsɔne lɛ tsu nii koni wɔkɛfee tsɔne lɛ he mfoniri kɛtsɔ bɔɔ nii ni wala yɔɔ mli lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔtoo nɔ yɛ CyFilescape yFiles gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ mlilɛɛmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ mli.
Kɛ R henɔ 3.0.1 atsu nii ni okɛfee akɔntaabuu mlipɛimɔ yɛ saji lɛ anɔ. Akɛ gbɛi enyɔ ni akɛpɛiɔ srɔtofeemɔ mlipɛimɔ (ANOVA) tsu nii kɛkwɛ akɔntaabuu mli shishinumɔ, ni Tukey anɔkwa srɔtofeemɔ ni he hiaa waa (HSD) post-hoc kaa lɛ nyiɛ sɛɛ. Bɔni afee ni akwɛ srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ tsofa ni akɛyeɔ jwɛi lɛ kɛ nɔ ni akɛyeɔ nɔ lɛ teŋ lɛ, akɛ Student’s t test lɛ tsu nii kɛpɛi nɔkwɛmɔnii akui enyɔ ni yɔɔ srɔtofeemɔ kome lɛ mli mlijaa ni yɔɔ tsitsii enyɔ lɛ mli.
Kɛji ootao nibii krokomɛi ni fata he kɛha niŋmaa nɛɛ, ofainɛ kwɛmɔ http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/24/eaaz0381/DC1.
Enɛ ji niŋmaa ko ni anyɛɔ ashɛɔ he ni ajaa yɛ Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License lɛ mlai lɛ ashishi, ni ŋmɛɔ gbɛ akɛ akɛtsuɔ nii, ajaa ni afee ekoŋŋ yɛ gbɛ fɛɛ gbɛ nɔ, kɛji akɛ naagbee nitsumɔ lɛ jeee kɛha jarayeli sɛɛnamɔ ni nɔ ni yɔɔ mli ji akɛ shishijee nitsumɔ lɛ ja. Kaimɔ nii.
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Adafitswaa tsɔɔmɔ haa jeŋ muu fɛɛ shika kɛha metabolomes krɛdɛɛi kɛ kaa hebuu tsɔɔmɔi ahe gbalɛ.
Adafitswaa tsɔɔmɔ haa jeŋ muu fɛɛ shika kɛha metabolomes krɛdɛɛi kɛ kaa hebuu tsɔɔmɔi ahe gbalɛ.
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