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Cadmium (Cd) ni fiteɔ nii lɛ kɛ oshara baa tsofa tso ni atsɛɔ lɛ Panax notoginseng ni aduɔ yɛ Yunnan Kpokpaa lɛ nɔ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ shihilɛi ni kɔɔ Cd he haomɔ ni jɛɔ kponɔgbɛ lɛ shishi lɛ, afee ŋmɔ mli kaa ko koni anu bɔ ni lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii (0.750, 2250 kɛ 3750 kg bm-2) kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ (0, 0.1 kɛ 0.2 mol l-1) lɛ tsuɔ nii ehaa yɛ Cd ni abua naa lɛ nɔ lɛ shishi. kɛ nibii ni gbeɔ helai ni haa mɔ he jɔ̃ɔ ehe lɛ anitsumɔ Nibii ni yɔɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli kɛ tsofafeemɔ mli nibii ni saa Panax notoginseng he. Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, quicklime kɛ folier ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ baanyɛ aha Ca2+ ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng mli lɛ aya hiɛ yɛ Cd haomɔ shishi ni eha Cd2+ ni yɔɔ gbeyei lɛ aba shi. Lime kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛfataa he lɛ ha enzymes ni gbeɔ helai lɛ anitsumɔ tee hiɛ, ni etsake bɔ ni osmoregulators lɛ tsuɔ nii amɛhaa lɛ. CAT nitsumɔ lɛ tee hiɛ waa fe fɛɛ, ni etee hiɛ shii 2.77. SOD nitsumɔ ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ lɛ tee hiɛ shii 1.78 beni akɛ oxalic acid tsu nii lɛ. Nibii ni yɔɔ MDA lɛ mli lɛ ba shi 58.38%. Tsakpaa ko ni he hiaa waa yɛ sugar ni mli tse, amino acid ni aheee nɔ ko, proline, kɛ protein ni mli tse lɛ teŋ. Lime kɛ oxalic acid baanyɛ aha calcium ions (Ca2+) lɛ aya hiɛ, Cd aba shi, eha nɔnyɛɛ he tsuishitoo ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng mli lɛ aya hiɛ, ni eha saponins kɛ flavonoid fɛɛ ni afeɔ lɛ aya hiɛ. Cd mli nibii lɛ ji nɔ ni baa shi fe fɛɛ, 68.57% baa shi fe nɔ ni akudɔ lɛ, ni kɛ sɛɛnamɔ ni yɔɔ shishitoo mla lɛ kpãa gbee (Cd≤0.5 mg/kg, GB/T 19086-2008). SPN lɛ mlijaa ji 7.73%, ni shɛɔ tsofafeemɔ fɛɛ tsofafeemɔ mli ŋwɛi gbɛhe ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ lɛ he, ni flavonoids ni yɔɔ mli lɛ tee hiɛ waa kɛ 21.74%, ni eshɛ tsofa lɛ shishitoo mla lɛ he jara kɛ yibiiwoo ni hi fe fɛɛ lɛ he.
Cadmium (Cd), akɛ nɔ ni fiteɔ shikpɔŋ ni akwɛɔ nɔ lɛ, fãa oya ni eyɛ wala mli nibii ni gbeɔ mɔ waa1. El Shafei kɛ ekrokomɛi. 2 lɛ bɔ amaniɛ akɛ Cd ni gbeɔ mɔ lɛ saa tsei ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ ahe jogbaŋŋ kɛ bɔ ni amɛwoɔ nii amɛhaa lɛ he. Yɛ nyɛsɛɛ afii nɛɛ amli lɛ, cadmium ni fa fe nine ni yɔɔ shikpɔji ni akwɛɔ nɔ yɛ China wuoyi-anaigbɛ lɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ ebafee nɔ ni yɔɔ hiɛdɔɔ waa. Yunnan Kpokpaa lɛ ji China Maŋtsɛyeli ni Nibii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli lɛ yɔɔ mli lɛ, ni tsofafeemɔ tsei srɔtoi lɛ ji nɔ ni ji klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ yɛ maŋ lɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ, shika tsuru ni fa babaoo ni yɔɔ Yunnan Kpokpaa lɛ nɔ lɛ haa dade ni tsii ni yɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ fiteɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ yɛ be mli ni atsaa shika tsuru lɛ, ni enɛ saa tsofai ni akɛtsuɔ nii yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ afeemɔ he.
Panax notoginseng (Burkill) Chen3 ji tsofa-kɛ-ŋma tso ko ni jara wa waa ni ehiɔ shi daa ni jɛɔ Araliaceae Panax ginseng kuu lɛ mli. Panax notoginseng shishifã lɛ haa lá lɛ hoɔ oya, ejieɔ lá ni ŋmɛɔ shi lɛ kɛyaa, ni ehaa piŋmɔ baa shi. Cd mujiwoo lɛ yɛ shikpɔŋ ni fe 75% yɛ Panax notoginseng dumɔ he lɛ nɔ ni eteke 81-100% yɛ hei srɔtoi6. Cd ni yɔɔ gbeyei lɛ hu haa tsofafeemɔ mli nibii ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng mli lɛ baa shi waa, titri lɛ saponins kɛ flavonoids. Saponins ji tsofai ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ akuu ko, ni tsofai ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ ateŋ ekomɛi ji triterpenoids loo spirosteranes, ni ji tsofai titri ni tsuɔ nii yɛ Chinese tsofai babaoo ni akɛ tsofai tsuɔ nii yɛ mli lɛ amli, ni saponins yɔɔ mli. Saponins komɛi hu yɛ wala yibii ahe nitsumɔi ni he hiaa tamɔ nibii ni gbeɔ helai, nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔ̃ɔ ehe, nibii ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli kɛ nibii ni gbeɔ kansa7. Flavonoids tsɔɔ nibii ni yɔɔ mli ni benzene ŋmɛlɛtswai enyɔ ni yɔɔ phenolic hydroxyl kui lɛ kɛ amɛhe kpaa gbee kɛtsɔɔ carbon atoms etɛ ni yɔɔ teŋgbɛ lɛ anɔ, ni nɔ titri ni yɔɔ mli ji 2-phenylchromanone 8. Eji tsofa ko ni he wa ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ, ni baanyɛ ajie kɔɔyɔɔ ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ kɛjɛ tsei amli jogbaŋŋ, ni etsiɔ nibii ni wala yɔɔ mli lɛ anaa. hejɔɔmɔ, kɛ cholesterol ni baa shi. E ji níhi titli nɛ tsuɔ ní ngɛ Panax Ginseng ɔ mi ɔ eko. Shikpɔŋ nɔ mujiwoo ni cadmium yɔɔ mli yɛ hei ni afeɔ Panax notoginseng lɛ he naagba lɛ naa tsabaa ji shihilɛ ko ni he hiaa koni anyɛ akwɛ koni afee tsofafeemɔ mli nibii titrii lɛ.
Lime ji nibii ni afɔɔ nitsumɔ ni akɛsaa cadmium sũ mli mujiwoo yɛ he ni eyɔɔ lɛ ateŋ ekome. Ehaa Cd ni shwieɔ shi kɛyaa shikpɔŋ lɛ mli lɛ nɔ hewalɛ ni ehaa Cd ni wala yɔɔ mli lɛ nitsumɔ ni yɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ mli lɛ baa shi kɛtsɔ pH ni yaa hiɛ kɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ mli cation tsakemɔ nyɛmɔ (CEC), shikpɔŋ lɛ mli ŋmei ni falɛ (BS), shikpɔŋ lɛ mli redox hewalɛ (Eh)3,11 nitsumɔ lɛ tsakemɔ nɔ. . Kɛfata he lɛ, lime haa Ca2+ babaoo, ni feɔ ionic antagonism kɛ Cd2+, ekɛ shishifãi lɛ shwieɔ shi yɛ hei, etsĩɔ Cd gbɛfaa kɛyaa tso lɛ mli, ni ebɛ nibii ni wala yɔɔ mli lɛ ahe gbeyei. Kɛ akɛ 50 mmol l-1 Ca fata he yɛ Cd haomɔ shishi lɛ, atsĩ Cd ni akɛyaa sesame baai amli lɛ naa ni Cd ni abua naa lɛ ba shi 80%. Abɔ nikasemɔi babaoo ni kɔɔ he lɛ he amaniɛ yɛ ŋmãa (Oryza sativa L.) kɛ ŋmɔshi nibii krokomɛi ahe12,13.
Nibii ni aduɔ lɛ ahe baai ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ koni akɛkudɔ dade ni tsii ni abua naa lɛ ji gbɛ hee ni atsɔɔ nɔ atsuɔ dade ni tsii he nii yɛ nyɛsɛɛ afii nɛɛ amli. Shishitoo mla lɛ kɔɔ chelation reaction ni yɔɔ tsei amli wala yibii lɛ amli lɛ he titri, ni haa dade ni tsii shwieɔ wala yibii lɛ gbogbo lɛ nɔ ni etsĩɔ dade ni tsii ni tsei lɛ ŋɔɔ lɛ naa14,15. Ákɛ dicarboxylic acid ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ, oxalic acid baanyɛ ajie dade ni tsii ni yɔɔ tsei amli lɛ mli tɛ̃ɛ, ni no baaha tsofa ni gbeɔ mɔ lɛ aba shi. Nibii amlitaomɔi etsɔɔ akɛ oxalic acid ni yɔɔ soybeans mli lɛ baanyɛ afee Cd2+ ni ejie kristalo ni Cd yɔɔ mli lɛ kɛtsɔ trichome apical cells lɛ nɔ, ni ebaa gbɔmɔtso lɛ mli Cd2+ lɛ shi16. Oxalic acid baanyɛ akudɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ pH, ni eha superoxidase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), kɛ catalase (CAT) nitsumɔi aya hiɛ, ni eha sugar ni mli tse, protein ni mli tse, amino acid ni aheee nɔ ko, kɛ proline ni boteɔ mli lɛ aya hiɛ. Mɛtabolik tsakemɔi 17,18. Nibii ni mli edɔ kɛ Ca2+ ni fa fe nine ni yɔɔ oxalate tsei amli lɛ feɔ calcium oxalate ni shwieɔ shi yɛ tsɛŋemɔ helai ahe nibii ni haa mɔ he jɔ̃ɔ ehe lɛ anitsumɔ shishi. Ca2+ ni yɔɔ tsei amli lɛ he gbɛjianɔtoo baanyɛ akudɔ oxalic acid kɛ Ca2+ ni yɔɔ tsei amli lɛ jogbaŋŋ ni ekwa oxalic acid kɛ Ca2+19,20 ni abua naa babaoo lɛ.
Lime ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ falɛ ji nibii titrii ni saa bɔ ni sɛɛkuu lɛ tsuɔ nii ehaa lɛ lɛ ateŋ ekome. Ayoo akɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ jeɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ 750 kɛyashiɔ 6000 kg·h·m−2. Kɛha shikpɔji ni mli edɔ ni pH 5.0-5.5 yɔɔ mli lɛ, nɔ ni jɛɔ lime ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ mli baa yɛ 3000-6000 kg·h·m-2 mli lɛ fa kwraa fe 750 kg·h·m-221 mli. Shi kɛlɛ, lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii fe nine lɛ baaha shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ nibii gbohii komɛi aba, tamɔ tsakemɔi wuji yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ pH kɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ mli ŋmɔlɔ22. No hewɔ lɛ, wɔto CaO tsamɔ he gbɛjianɔ akɛ 0, 750, 2250 kɛ 3750 kg·h·m−2. Beni akɛ oxalic acid wo Arabidopsis nɔ lɛ, ana akɛ Ca2+ eba shi waa yɛ 10 mM L-1, ni CRT tsɛŋemɔ hela weku ni náa Ca2+ okadi lɛ nɔ hewalɛ lɛ tsu nii waa20. Nikasemɔi komɛi ni eho lɛ anaabuamɔ ha wɔle bɔ ni nɛkɛ kaa nɛɛ mli wa ha ni wɔtee nɔ wɔkase bɔ ni exogenous additives ni yɔɔ Ca2+ kɛ Cd2+23,24,25 lɛ tsuɔ nii amɛhaa lɛ he nii. No hewɔ lɛ, nikasemɔ nɛɛ yiŋtoo ji ni epɛi gbɛjianɔtoo ni kɔɔ bɔ ni lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ tsei anɔ lɛ tsuɔ nii ehaa yɛ Cd mli nibii kɛ haomɔ ni Panax notoginseng nyɛɔ etsuɔ ​​he nii yɛ shikpɔji ni Cd ewo mli lɛ anɔ lɛ mli, ni ekwɛ gbɛi ni hi fe fɛɛ kɛ gbɛi ni atsɔɔ nɔ atsuɔ tsofafeemɔ he nii jogbaŋŋ lɛ mli. nɔmimaa. Je kpo kɛjɛ Panax mli. Ekɛ saji ni he hiaa haa koni ekɛkudɔ jwɛi ŋmɔshi nibii ni aduɔ yɛ shikpɔji ni cadmium yɔɔ nɔ lɛ amlilɛɛmɔ kɛ nibii ni hi jogbaŋŋ ni sɛɛ tsɛɔ ni akɛbaatsu nii koni akɛtsu tsofai ni ataoɔ yɛ jara nɔ lɛ ahe nii.
Akɛ Wenshan notoginseng ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ tsu nii akɛ nibii, ni afee ŋmɔ mli kaa ko yɛ Lannizhai (24°11′N, 104°3′E, ŋwɛi ŋta 1446m), Qiubei Kpokpaa lɛ nɔ, Wenshan Kpokpaa lɛ nɔ, Yunnan Kpokpaa lɛ nɔ. Afi mli latsaa ji 17°C ni nugbɔ ni nɛɔ daa afi ji 1250 mm. Shikpɔŋ ni akase lɛ sɛɛ sɛɛnamɔi: TN 0.57 g kg-1, TP 1.64 g kg-1, TC 16.31 g kg-1, RH 31.86 g kg-1, N 88.82 mg kg -1, P 18 ni tsuɔ nii jogbaŋŋ. mg kg-1, ni yɔɔ K 100.37 mg kg-1, Cd fɛɛ 0.3 mg kg-1 kɛ pH 5.4.
Yɛ December 10 lɛ, akɛ 6 mg/kg Cd2+ (CdCl2 2.5H2O) kɛ lime (0.750, 2250 kɛ 3750 kg h m-2) wo mli ni akɛfutu sũ ni yɔɔ ŋwɛi 0–10 cm yɛ ŋmɔ fɛɛ ŋmɔ mli, 2017. Afee tsamɔ fɛɛ tsamɔ times 3. Akɛ shikpamɔ shikpɔji lɛ to he fɛɛ he, shikpɔji lɛ eko fɛɛ eko dalɛ ji 3 m2. Akɛ Panax notoginseng dumɔwui ni eye afi kome lɛ wo shikpɔŋ nɔ yɛ gbii 15 ni akɛdu yɛ shikpɔŋ mli lɛ sɛɛ. Kɛ akɛ shading nets tsu nii lɛ, Panax notoginseng la ni tsoɔ yɛ shading canopy lɛ mli lɛ feɔ aaafee 18% yɛ adebɔɔ mli la ni tsoɔ daa lɛ mli. Kwɛmɔ yɛ maŋ lɛ mli kusum gbɛi ni atsɔɔ nɔ akwɛɔ nii lɛ anaa. Yɛ afi 2019 lɛ, Panax notoginseng lɛ shweremɔ be lɛ mli lɛ, abaafɔ oxalic acid lɛ nɔ akɛ sodium oxalate. Oxalic acid lɛ mli nibii ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ji 0, 0.1 kɛ 0.2 mol l-1, ni atsake pH lɛ kɛtee 5.16 kɛ NaOH koni akɛkase pH ni yɔɔ sũ mli nibii ni efite lɛ mli lɛ mlijaa mlijaa. Okɛ tsofa lɛ afɔ baai lɛ anɔ kɛ shishi shikome yɛ otsi mli leebi ŋmɛji kpaanyɔ. Beni ashwie nɔ shii ejwɛ sɛɛ lɛ, akpa Panax notoginseng tsei ni eye afii etɛ lɛ yɛ otsi ni ji enumɔ mli.
Yɛ Alemle 2019 lɛ, abua Panax notoginseng tsei ni eye afii etɛ ni akɛ oxalic acid etsu he nii lɛ anaa yɛ ŋmɔ lɛ mli. Akɛ Panax notoginseng tsei ni eye afii 3 lɛ ekomɛi ni abaaka amɛ akwɛ koni ana bɔ ni amɛgbɔmɔtso lɛ tsuɔ nii amɛhaa kɛ bɔ ni amɛtsuɔ nii amɛhaa lɛ wo friza tsɔnei amli, ni akɛwo friji mli oya yɛ nu ni ji nitrogen mli, ni no sɛɛ lɛ akɛwo friji mli ni hulutsoo be ji -80°C. Esa akɛ atsɔɔ fã ni ji shishijee nɔkwɛmɔnii kɛha Cd kɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ mli ni tsuɔ nii lɛ mli. Kɛji akɛ okɛ nu ni jɛɔ pɔmpi mli lɛ tsu nii lɛ, egbi yɛ 105°C mli minitii 30, ni ehiɛ mass lɛ mli yɛ 75°C ni okɛ nɔkwɛmɔnii lɛ atsɔ ŋmɔtɔ mli. kɛto.
Akɛ tso ni egbi lɛ he nɔkwɛmɔnii 0.2 g awo Erlenmeyer flask mli, ni akɛ HNO3 ml 8 kɛ HClO4 ml 2 afata he ni akɛtsi naa nyɔɔŋ kome. Enɔ jetsɛremɔ lɛ, akɛ funnel ni tsitsi lɛ ebɔle ehe lɛ woɔ flask ko ni yɔɔ koŋ etɛ mli koni akɛ electrothermal nibii ni fiteɔ nii lɛ atsu nii kɛyashi lasu yɛŋ jeɔ kpo ni nɔ ni fiteɔ nii lɛ mli nu lɛ mli tseɔ. Beni edɔ kɛyashɛ ŋwɛi fɛ̃i mli lɛ, ajie nɔ ni akɛfutu lɛ awo 10 ml volumetric flask mli. Akɛ Cd ni yɔɔ mli lɛ tsu nii yɛ atomik tsɔne ko ni akɛkwɛɔ nibii amli (Thermo ICETM 3300 AAS, USA) lɛ nɔ. (GB/T 23739-2009).
Akɛ tso ni egbi lɛ he nɔkwɛmɔnii 0.2 g awo plastic kɔɔpoo ni tsiimɔ ji 50 ml mli, ni akɛ 10 ml ni ji 1 mol l-1 HCL afata he, ni aŋa ni akpokpo ŋmɛlɛtswai 15 ni atsɔ mli. Kɛtsɔ pipette nɔ lɛ, gbalamɔ nu ni he hiaa kɛha nu ni sa lɛ ni okɛ SrCl2 tsabaa lɛ afata he koni ekɛ Sr2+ mlibotemɔ aba 1 g L–1. Akɛ atomik tsɔne ni akɛkwɛɔ nibii amli (Thermo ICETM 3300 AAS, USA) tsu nii kɛna Ca ni yɔɔ mli lɛ.
Nibii ni akɛsusuɔ nii ahe lɛ ayibɔ ni ji: Jingyaodianji (quasi120)
Akɛ 0.05 g ni ji Panax notoginseng nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ asusu he ni akɛ anthrone-sulfuric acid ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ afata he yɛ tsɔne lɛ he. Okɛ tsɔne lɛ atswa sɛkɛndii 2-3 koni nu lɛ afutu jogbaŋŋ. Okɛ tsɔne lɛ awo tsɔne ni akɛkaa nii lɛ nɔ minitii 15. Akɛ UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., China) tsu nii kɛna nɔ ni yɔɔ sugar ni mli tse lɛ mli yɛ hulutsoo be ni ji 620 nm lɛ mli.
0.5 g ni ji Panax notoginseng nɔkwɛmɔnɔ hee lɛ, ni okɛ nu ni ajie mli 5 ml shwie nɔ ni ekɛwo 10,000 g mli minitii 10. Okɛ nu ni hoɔ lɛ awo mli kɛyashɛ falɛ ni ato he gbɛjianɔ. Akɛ Coomassie Brilliant Blue gbɛ lɛ tsu nii. Akɛ spectrophotometry ni yɔɔ hulutsoo be mli kɛ hulutsoo be mli hei ni anaa lɛ tsu nii kɛna nɔ ni yɔɔ mli lɛ (UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., China) yɛ hulutsoo be ni ji 595 nm mli ni abu he akɔntaa kɛjɛ tsina lá mli nu lɛ mli.
0.5 g nɔkwɛmɔnɔ hee lɛ, kɛ 5 ml 10% acetic acid afata he koni ekɛshwie nɔ ni ekɛfee ekome, ni ekɛshwie nɔ ni ekɛfee nɔ ni fa bɔ ni sa. Kromojenik gbɛ ni akɛ ninhydrin mli nu tsuɔ nii. Akɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ amino acid ni aheee nɔ ko lɛ mli lɛ tsu nii kɛtsɔ hulutsoo be mli nibii ni anaa lɛ anɔ (UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., China) yɛ hulutsoo be ni ji 570 nm mli, ni abu he akɔntaa kɛjɛ leucine curve ni ji ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ lɛ nɔ.
Akɛ 0.5 g ni ji nɔkwɛmɔnɔ hee ko lɛ shwieɔ shi, ni akɛ sulfosalicylic acid ni ji 3% ni ji 5 ml lɛ woɔ mli, ni akɛwoɔ nu mli ni akpokpoɔ minitii 10. Beni edɔ sɛɛ lɛ, ajieɔ nu lɛ mli nu lɛ mli ni ajieɔ lɛ mli kɛyashɛɔ bɔ ni eyɔɔ mlɛo daa lɛ nɔ. Akɛ asid ninhydrin kromojenik gbɛ lɛ tsu nii. Akɛ UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., China) lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni proline yɔɔ mli ha lɛ mli yɛ 520 nm mli, ni abu he akɔntaa kɛjɛ proline shishitoo mla lɛ mli.
Akɛ nu ni tsuɔ nii jogbaŋŋ (HPLC) lɛ tsɔɔ nɔ ni yɔɔ saponins lɛ mli lɛ mli yɛ China maŋ lɛ tsofafeemɔ wolo lɛ naa (ni afee yɛ afi 2015 lɛ). HPLC shishitoo mla ji ni akɛ nu ni mli wa waa atsu nii akɛ mobile phase lɛ, ni akɛ tsɔne ni tsuɔ nii jogbaŋŋ ni akɛgbalaa nibii amli lɛ atsu nii yɛ stationary phase column nɔ kɛha ultrafine particles. Nitsumɔ he ŋaalee ji nɔ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ:
HPLC shihilɛi kɛ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ he kaa (Okadi 1): Afee gradient elution lɛ yɛ okpɔlɔ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ naa, ni akɛ silica gel ni akɛ octadecylsilane ebɔ he lɛ tsu nii akɛ nɔ ni akɛwoɔ mli, acetonitrile akɛ fã ni nyiɛɔ A, nu akɛ fã ni nyiɛɔ B, ni nɔ ni ana lɛ ji 203 n. Kɛ hoo lɛ, esa akɛ kɔɔpoi ni abu he akɔntaa kɛjɛ R1 yitso ni ji Panax notoginseng saponins lɛ mli lɛ afee 4000.
Nibii ni akɛtaoɔ nii amli lɛ ahe saamɔ: Asusu ŋmeii Rg1, ŋmeii Rb1 kɛ ŋmeii R1 lɛ ahe jogbaŋŋ, ni akɛ methanol afata he koni aná ŋmeii ni akɛfutu mli ni ji 0.4 mg ŋmeii Rg1, ŋmeii Rb1 0.4 mg kɛ ŋmeii R1 ni ji 0.1 mg yɛ ml kome mli.
Kaa tsofa lɛ he saamɔ: Okɛ Sanxin powda 0.6 g asusu he ni okɛ methanol 50 ml afata he. Asusu nɔ ni akɛfutu lɛ he (W1) ni ashi lɛ nyɔɔŋ kome. No sɛɛ lɛ, akɛ tsofa ni akɛfutu lɛ wo nu mli fioo yɛ 80° C. mli ŋmɛlɛtswai 2 sɔŋŋ. Kɛji edɔ lɛ, susumɔ tsofa ni akɛfutu lɛ he ni okɛ methanol ni jɛ mli ba lɛ afata W1 klɛŋklɛŋ mass lɛ he. No sɛɛ lɛ, shwie nɔ jogbaŋŋ ni okɛshwie nɔ. Ashi nu ni ajieɔ kɛjɛɔ mli lɛ koni akɛtsɔɔ mli.
Akɛ 10 μl ni ji tsofa ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ kɛ 10 μl ni akɛjieɔ nu lɛ mli lɛ shwieɔ saponin lɛ mli pɛpɛɛpɛ ni akɛwoɔ HPLC mli.
Nɔ ni ato he gbɛjianɔ: Rg1, Rb1, R1 ni akɛfutu nɔ ni ato he gbɛjianɔ lɛ he yiŋkpɛɛ, kromatograf shihilɛi lɛ tamɔ nɔ ni yɔɔ ŋwɛi nɛɛ nɔŋŋ. Buu ŋwɛi ŋta ni yɔɔ y-axis lɛ nɔ lɛ he akɔntaa kɛ saponin ni yɔɔ ŋwɛi ŋta lɛ mli lɛ he akɔntaa yɛ abscissa lɛ nɔ. Kɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ yiteŋgbɛ he ni asusu lɛ awo ŋwɛi ŋta lɛ mli koni obu saponin lɛ mli nibii ni yɔɔ mli lɛ he akɔntaa.
Akɛ P. notogensings ni ji 0.1 g lɛ asusu he ni akɛ 70% CH3OH mli nu lɛ 50 ml afata he. Sonicate ŋmɛlɛtswai 2, no sɛɛ lɛ, 4000 rpm minitii 10. Okɛ nu ni hoɔ lɛ mli 1 ml awo mli shii 12. Akɛ hulutsoo be mli nibii ni anaa lɛ tsuɔ nii kɛtsɔɔ nɔ ni yɔɔ flavonoids lɛ mli lɛ nɔ (UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., China) yɛ hulutsoo be ni ji 249 nm lɛ mli. Quercetin ji tsofa ko ni fa babaoo8.
Akɛ Excel 2010 tsɔne lɛ to saji ahe gbɛjianɔ. Akɛ SPSS Statistics 20 tsɔne lɛ tsu nii kɛpɛi saji amli srɔtofeemɔi amli. Mfoniri ni ajie kɛjɛ shishijee Pro 9.1. Nɔ ni fata akɔntaabuu ni abu he akɔntaa lɛ he ji shishijee ± shishijee sɛɛkuu. Wiemɔi ni kɔɔ akɔntaabuu he lɛ damɔ P<0.05 nɔ.
Yɛ foliar ni akɛ oxalic acid ni falɛ tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ shwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli lɛ, Ca ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ tee hiɛ waa kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ yaa hiɛ (Table 2). Kɛ akɛto lime ni akɛtsuuu nii lɛ he lɛ, Ca ni yɔɔ mli lɛ tee hiɛ 212% yɛ 3750 kg ppm lime ni oxalic acid spray bɛ mli lɛ mli. Yɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ nɔŋŋ mli lɛ, calcium ni yɔɔ mli lɛ tee hiɛ fioo kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ falɛ yaa hiɛ.
Cd ni yɔɔ shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ srɔtoi kɛjɛ 0.22 kɛyashi 0.70 mg/kg. Yɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ nɔŋŋ mli lɛ, 2250 kg hm-2 Cd ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ba shi waa kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ ni yaa hiɛ lɛ. Kɛ akɛto nɔ ni akɛkwɛɔ nɔ lɛ he lɛ, kɛ́ akɛ lime ni ji 2250 kg gm-2 kɛ oxalic acid ni ji 0.1 mol l-1 shwie shishifãi lɛ anɔ lɛ, Cd ni yɔɔ mli lɛ baa shi 68.57%. Kɛ akɛ lime kɛ lime ni ji 750 kg hm-2 tsu nii lɛ, Cd ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ baa shi waa kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ shi lɛ mlilɛɛmɔ ni yaa hiɛ lɛ. Kɛ akɛ lime gm-2 ni tsiimɔ ji 2250 kg kɛ lime gm-2 ni tsiimɔ ji 3750 kg wo mli lɛ, Cd ni yɔɔ shishifã lɛ mli lɛ ba shi klɛŋklɛŋ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ, etee hiɛ kɛ oxalic acid ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ni yaa hiɛ. Kɛfata he lɛ, 2D mlipɛimɔ tsɔɔ akɛ Ca ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifã lɛ mli lɛ ji nɔ ni lime (F = 82.84**) náa enɔ hewalɛ waa, Cd ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifã lɛ mli lɛ ji nɔ ni lime (F = 74.99**) kɛ oxalic acid náa enɔ hewalɛ waa. (F = 74.99**). F = 7.72*).
Kɛji akɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ tee hiɛ, ni oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ fa babaoo lɛ, MDA mli nibii lɛ ba shi kwraa. Anaaa srɔtofeemɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ yɛ MDA mli nibii ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi ni akɛ lime tsu nii kɛ 3750 kg g/m2 lime teŋ lɛ mli. Yɛ 750 kg hm-2 kɛ 2250 kg hm-2 lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ mli lɛ, MDA ni yɔɔ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid mli beni ashwieɔ nɔ lɛ ji 58.38% kɛ 40.21% ni baa shi fe oxalic acid ni ashwieee nɔ lɛ, yɛ gbɛ kome nɔ. Nibii ni yɔɔ MDA (7.57 nmol g-1) mli lɛ ji nɔ ni baa shi fe fɛɛ beni akɛ hm-2 lime 750 kg kɛ oxalic acid 0.2 mol l-1 fata he lɛ (Mfoniri 1).
Nɔ ni jɛɔ baa ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli baa yɛ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli yɛ cadmium nɔnyɛɛ shishi [J]. P<0.05). Nakai nɔŋŋ yɛ shishigbɛ.
Kɛji akɛ akɛ 3750 kg h m-2 ni ji lime tsu nii lɛ, anaaa srɔtofeemɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ yɛ SOD nitsumɔ ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifã gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ mli lɛ mli. Kɛ akɛ lime 0, 750 kɛ 2250 kg hm-2 tsu nii lɛ, SOD nitsumɔ lɛ beni akɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ nɔ kwɔ kwraa fe be mli ni akɛ oxalic acid tsuuu nii lɛ, ni tee hiɛ kɛ 177.89%, 61.62% kɛ 45 . SOD nitsumɔ (598.18 units g-1) ni yɔɔ shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ fa fe fɛɛ beni akɛ ŋmeii tsuuu nii ni akɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ. Yɛ nakai nɔŋŋ mli lɛ, oxalic acid bɛ mli loo akɛ 0.1 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwie nɔ lɛ, SOD nitsumɔ lɛ tee hiɛ kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ falɛ yaa hiɛ. SOD nitsumɔ lɛ ba shi waa yɛ be mli ni akɛ 0.2 mol L–1 oxalic acid (Mfoniri 2) shwie nɔ lɛ sɛɛ.
Nɔ ni jɛɔ baa ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli baa yɛ superoxidase, peroxidase, kɛ catalase ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi amli lɛ nitsumɔ nɔ yɛ cadmium nɔnyɛɛ shishi [J].
Tamɔ bɔ ni SOD nitsumɔ ni yɔɔ shishifãi amli lɛ ji lɛ, POD nitsumɔ ni yɔɔ shishifãi amli (63.33 μmol g-1) lɛ fa fe fɛɛ beni ashwieɔ nɔ ni lime kɛ 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid bɛ mli lɛ, ni ji 148.35% ni nɔ kwɔ fe nɔ ni akudɔ lɛ ( 25.50 μmol g-1). . POD nitsumɔ lɛ tee hiɛ klɛŋklɛŋ ni no sɛɛ lɛ eba shi kɛ oxalic acid spray ni yaa hiɛ kɛ 3750 kg hm −2 lime tsamɔ. Kɛ akɛto 0.1 mol l-1 oxalic acid ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ he lɛ, POD nitsumɔ lɛ baa shi 36.31% beni akɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid tsuɔ he nii lɛ (Mfoniri 2).
Kɛ jeee 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ shi ni akɛ 2250 kg hm-2 loo 3750 kg hm-2 lime woɔ mli lɛ, CAT nitsumɔ lɛ nɔ kwɔ kwraa fe nɔ ni akudɔɔ lɛ. 276.08%, 276.69% kɛ 33 .05% kɛ akɛto oxalic acid ni akɛtsuuu nii lɛ he. CAT nitsumɔ ni kɔɔ shishifãi (803.52 μmol g-1) ni akɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid tsuɔ he nii lɛ ji nɔ ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ. 172.88 μmol g-1) ji nɔ ni baa shi fe fɛɛ yɛ 3750 kg hm-2 lime kɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid (Mfoniri 2) lɛ tsamɔ mli.
Bivariate mlipɛimɔ tsɔɔ akɛ Panax notoginseng CAT nitsumɔ kɛ MDA lɛ kɛ oxalic acid loo lime ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ falɛ kɛ helatsamɔi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ yeɔ tsakpaa waa (Table 3). SOD nitsumɔ ni yɔɔ shishifãi amli lɛ kɛ lime kɛ oxalic acid helatsamɔ loo oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ shi lɛ mlibotemɔ yɔɔ tsakpaa waa. Root POD nitsumɔ lɛ kɛ lime ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ falɛ loo lime kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛtsuɔ nii yɛ be kome mli lɛ yeɔ tsakpaa waa.
Sugars ni mli tse ni yɔɔ shishifãi amli lɛ ba shi kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ mliyaa kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mlibotemɔ. Srɔtofeemɔ ko kwraa bɛ sugars ni mli tse ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ mli kɛji akɛ akɛ lime tsuuu nii, ni akɛ lime ni ji 750 kg·h·m−2 tsu nii. Kɛ akɛ 2250 kg hm-2 lime tsu nii lɛ, sugar ni mli tse lɛ mli nibii ni yɔɔ mli lɛ fa babaoo fe beni akɛ nɔ ni jeee oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ, ni no tee hiɛ 22.81%. Kɛ akɛ lime ni falɛ ji 3750 kg·h·m-2 wo mli lɛ, sugars ni mli tse lɛ baa shi kwraa kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli nibii ni yaa hiɛ lɛ. 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli sugar ni mli tse lɛ ji 38.77% ni baa shi fe nɔ ni akɛ oxalic acid tsuuu nii yɛ mli lɛ. Kɛfata he lɛ, 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ ji nɔ ni haa sugar ni mli tse fe fɛɛ ni ji 205.80 mg g-1 (Mfoniri 3) lɛ baa shi.
Nɔ ni jɛɔ baa ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli baa yɛ sugar ni mli tse kɛ protein ni mli tse ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ nɔ yɛ cadmium nɔnyɛɛ shishi [J].
Protein ni mli tse ni yɔɔ shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ ba shi kɛ lime kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ tee hiɛ. Yɛ be mli ni lime bɛ lɛ, protein ni mli tse ni yɔɔ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli lɛ baa shi kwraa fe nɔ ni akɛkwɛɔ nɔ lɛ, kɛ 16.20%. Beni akɛ lime 750 kg hm-2 tsu nii lɛ, anaaa srɔtofeemɔ ko kwraa yɛ protein ni mli tse ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ mli. Yɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii ni ji 2250 kg h m-2 lɛ mli lɛ, protein ni mli tse ni yɔɔ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ shi ni ji 0.2 mol l-1 lɛ mli lɛ fa babaoo fe nɔ ni jeee oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli (35.11%). Beni akɛ lime wo 3750 kg h m-2 mli lɛ, protein ni mli tse lɛ ba shi waa kɛ oxalic acid spray ni yaa hiɛ lɛ, ni protein ni mli tse (269.84 μg g-1) lɛ ba shi fe fɛɛ kɛji akɛ atsu he nii yɛ 0.2 mol l-1. 1 ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ (Mfoniri 3).
Anaaa srɔtofeemɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ yɛ amino acids ni aheee nɔ ko ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ mli yɛ lime ni bɛ mli lɛ mli. Kɛji akɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli falɛ tee hiɛ, ni akɛ lime ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ falɛ ni ji 750 kg hm-2 lɛ tee hiɛ lɛ, amino acid ni aheee nɔ ko lɛ mli nibii lɛ baa shi klɛŋklɛŋ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ, amɛyaa hiɛ. 2250 kg hm-2 lime kɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ ha amino acid ni aheee nɔ ko lɛ mli nibii lɛ tee hiɛ waa kɛyashɛ 33.58% kɛ akɛto oxalic acid ni akɛtsuuu nii lɛ he. Beni oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli falɛ tee hiɛ, ni akɛ lime ni ji 3750 kg·hm-2 wo mli lɛ, amino acid ni aheee nɔ ko lɛ mli nibii lɛ ba shi kwraa. Nibii ni yɔɔ amino acid ni aheee nɔ ko mli yɛ 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli lɛ ji 49.76% ni baa shi fe nɔ ni akɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ bɛ mli lɛ. Nibii ni yɔɔ amino acid ni aheee nɔ ko lɛ mli lɛ fa fe fɛɛ kɛ́ akɛ oxalic acid tsuuu he nii ni eshɛɔ 2.09 mg/g. 1.05 mg g-1) ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ji nɔ ni baa shi fe fɛɛ beni akɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ (Mfoniri 4).
Nɔ ni jɛɔ baa ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli baa yɛ amino acid kɛ proline ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ nɔ yɛ cadmium haomɔ shihilɛi amli [J].
Proline ni yɔɔ shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ ba shi kɛji akɛ lime kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ tee hiɛ. Srɔtofeemɔ ko kwraa bɛ proline ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng mli lɛ mli yɛ lime ni bɛ lɛ mli. Kɛji akɛ oxalic acid kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ falɛ ni ji 750, 2250 kg hm-2 lɛ tee hiɛ lɛ, proline ni yɔɔ mli lɛ baa shi klɛŋklɛŋ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ, eyaa hiɛ. Nibii ni yɔɔ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ shi lɛ mli lɛ fa kwraa fe nɔ ni yɔɔ 0.1 mol l-1 oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli lɛ, ni no tee hiɛ 19.52% kɛ 44.33%, yɛ gbɛ kome nɔ. Kɛ akɛ lime ni ji 3750 kg·hm-2 wo mli lɛ, proline ni yɔɔ mli lɛ baa shi waa kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli nibii ni fa babaoo lɛ yaa hiɛ. Nibii ni yɔɔ proline mli beni akɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwie nɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, eba shi 54.68% fe nɔ ni oxalic acid bɛ mli lɛ. 11.37 μg/g kɛji akɛ akɛ 0.2 mol/l oxalic acid tsu nii (Mfoniri 4).
Nibii ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng mli lɛ fɛɛ ji Rg1>Rb1>R1. Srɔtofeemɔ ko kwraa bɛ saponins etɛ lɛ mli nibii ni oxalic acid spray lɛ falɛ yaa hiɛ lɛ mli kɛ lime ko bɛ mli (Table 4).
Nibii ni yɔɔ R1 mli lɛ beni akɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwieɔ shi lɛ baa shi kwraa fe be mli ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieɔ shi ni akɛ lime 750 loo 3750 kg·h·m-2 tsuɔ nii lɛ. Kɛji akɛ oxalic acid spray ni falɛ ji 0 loo 0.1 mol l-1 lɛ, srɔtofeemɔ ko kwraa bɛ R1 mli nibii lɛ amli kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ mliyaa. Yɛ oxalic acid ni ji 0.2 mol l-1 ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mli lɛ, R1 ni yɔɔ 3750 kg hm-2 ni ji lime lɛ mli lɛ baa shi kwraa fe 43.84% ni lime bɛ mli lɛ (Table 4).
Rg1 mli nibii lɛ tee hiɛ klɛŋklɛŋ ni no sɛɛ lɛ eba shi kɛ oxalic acid kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii ni ji 750 kg·h·m−2 lɛ mliyaa. 2250 loo 3750 kg h m-2 ni akɛwoɔ lime mli lɛ, Rg1 ni yɔɔ mli lɛ baa shi kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ shi lɛ mli nibii ni yaa hiɛ lɛ. Yɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ shi lɛ nɔŋŋ mli lɛ, Rg1 ni yɔɔ mli lɛ tee hiɛ klɛŋklɛŋ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ eba shi kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ mliyaa. Kɛ akɛto nɔ ni akudɔɔ lɛ he lɛ, ja oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ shi etɛ kɛ 750 kg h m-2 lɛ, Rg1 ni yɔɔ mli lɛ fa fe nɔ ni akudɔ lɛ, Rg1 ni yɔɔ tsofafeemɔi krokomɛi ashishifãi amli lɛ baa shi fe nɔ ni akudɔɔ lɛ. Rg1 mli nibii lɛ fa fe fɛɛ beni akɛ 750 kg gm-2 lime kɛ 0.1 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwie nɔ lɛ, ni eji 11.54% fe nɔ ni akwɛɔ nɔ lɛ (Table 4).
Rb1 mli nibii lɛ tee hiɛ klɛŋklɛŋ ni no sɛɛ lɛ eba shi kɛ oxalic acid kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii ni ji 2250 kg hm-2 lɛ mliyaa. Beni ashwie 0.1 mol l–1 oxalic acid nɔ sɛɛ lɛ, Rb1 ni yɔɔ mli lɛ shɛɔ 3.46% ni fe fɛɛ, ni ji 74.75% fe nɔ ni ashwieee oxalic acid nɔ. Kɛtsɔ lime helatsamɔi krokomɛi anɔ lɛ, srɔtofeemɔ ko kwraa bɛ oxalic acid spray srɔtoi ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ateŋ. Kɛ akɛ 0.1 kɛ 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwie nɔ lɛ, Rb1 ni yɔɔ mli lɛ baa shi klɛŋklɛŋ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ ebaa shi kɛ lime ni akɛfataa he lɛ ni yaa hiɛ (okpɔlɔ 4).
Yɛ oxalic acid ni ashwie nɔ lɛ nɔŋŋ mli lɛ, flavonoids ni yɔɔ mli lɛ tee hiɛ klɛŋklɛŋ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ eba shi kɛ lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ falɛ ni yaa hiɛ lɛ. Lime loo 3750 kg hm-2 lime ni akɛ oxalic acid ni falɛ srɔtoi eshwie nɔ lɛ bɛ srɔtofeemɔ ko ni sa kadimɔ yɛ flavonoid ni yɔɔ mli lɛ mli. Beni akɛ lime wo mli yɛ 750 kɛ 2250 kg h m-2 mli lɛ, flavonoids ni yɔɔ mli lɛ tee hiɛ klɛŋklɛŋ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ eba shi kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ mlibotemɔ ni yaa hiɛ lɛ. Kɛji akɛ akɛ 750 kg hm-2 tsu nii ni akɛ 0.1 mol l-1 oxalic acid shwie nɔ lɛ, flavonoids ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ji nɔ ni fa fe fɛɛ ni eshɛ 4.38 mg g-1, ni ji 18.38% ni fe lime yɛ nakai nɔŋŋ ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ nɔŋŋ mli. ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieee nɔ. Nibii ni yɔɔ flavonoids mli yɛ be mli ni akɛ oxalic acid 0.1 mol l-1 shwieɔ nɔ lɛ tee hiɛ 21.74% kɛ akɛto tsofafeemɔ ni akɛ oxalic acid shwieee nɔ kɛ lime tsofafeemɔ ni akɛ 2250 kg hm-2 shwieɔ nɔ lɛ he (Mfoniri 5).
Nɔ ni oxalate tso lɛ mli nibii ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ tsuɔ yɛ cadmium nɔnyɛɛ shishi [J].
Bivariate mlipɛimɔ tsɔɔ akɛ sugar ni mli tse ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng mli lɛ kɛ lime ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ falɛ kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ falɛ yɔɔ tsakpaa waa. Protein ni mli tse ni yɔɔ shishifãi amli lɛ kɛ bɔ ni akɛ lime tsuɔ nii ahaa lɛ yeɔ tsakpaa waa, lime kɛ oxalic acid fɛɛ. Nibii ni yɔɔ amino acids kɛ proline ni aheee nɔ ko yɛ shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ kɛ bɔ ni akɛ lime tsuɔ nii ahaa lɛ yeɔ tsakpaa waa, bɔ ni akɛ oxalic acid, lime kɛ oxalic acid shwieɔ nɔ lɛ fa ha (Table 5).
Nibii ni yɔɔ R1 mli yɛ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwieɔ nɔ lɛ falɛ, lime, lime kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛwoɔ mli lɛ falɛ yeɔ tsakpaa waa. Flavonoid ni yɔɔ mli lɛ kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛshwie nɔ lɛ falɛ kɛ lime ni akɛwo mli lɛ falɛ yeɔ tsakpaa waa.
Akɛ tsakemɔi babaoo etsu nii koni akɛba tso Cd shi kɛtsɔ Cd ni akɛwoɔ shikpɔŋ mli lɛ nɔ, tamɔ lime kɛ oxalic acid30. Akɛ lime tsuɔ nii babaoo akɛ nɔ ni akɛfataa sũ he koni akɛba cadmium ni yɔɔ ŋmɔshi nibii amli lɛ shi31. Liang kɛ ekrokomɛi. 32 lɛ bɔ amaniɛ akɛ abaanyɛ akɛ oxalic acid hu atsu nii ni akɛsaa shikpɔji ni dade ni tsii ewo mli lɛ ekoŋŋ. Beni akɛ oxalic acid ni fa babaoo wo shikpɔŋ ni mli ewo muji lɛ nɔ sɛɛ lɛ, shikpɔŋ lɛ mli nibii ni wala yɔɔ mli lɛ tee hiɛ, ni nyɛmɔ ni akɛtsakeɔ cation lɛ ba shi, ni pH sɛɛnamɔ lɛ tee hiɛ kɛyashɛ 33. Oxalic acid lɛ hu baanyɛ ekɛ dade ions ni yɔɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ mli lɛ afee ekome. Yɛ Cd haomɔ shishi lɛ, Cd ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng mli lɛ tee hiɛ waa kɛ akɛto nɔ ni akudɔɔ lɛ he. Shi, beni akɛ lime tsu nii lɛ, eba shi kwraa. Yɛ nikasemɔ nɛɛ mli lɛ, kɛ́ akɛ 750 kg hm-2 lime tsu nii lɛ, Cd ni yɔɔ shishifã lɛ mli lɛ shɛɔ maŋ lɛ shishitoo mla lɛ he (Cd husu: Cd≤0.5 mg/kg, AQSIQ, GB/T 19086-200834), kɛ nɔ ni jɛɔ mli baa kɛji akɛ akɛ 2250 kg lime tsu nii. Lime ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ ha akaŋshii hei babaoo ba Ca2+ kɛ Cd2+ teŋ yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ mli, ni oxalic acid ni akɛfataa he lɛ baanyɛ aha Cd ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ aba shi. Shi, Cd ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ ba shi kwraa kɛtsɔ lime kɛ oxalic acid ni akɛfee ekome lɛ nɔ, ni eshɛ maŋ lɛ shishitoo mla lɛ he. Ca2+ ni yɔɔ sũ lɛ mli lɛ shwieɔ shishifã lɛ nɔ yɛ be mli ni nu lɛ hoɔ babaoo lɛ, ni shishifã lɛ mli wala yibii lɛ baanyɛ aŋɔ kɛtsɔ calcium gbɛi (Ca2+-gbɛi), calcium pɔmpii (Ca2+-AT-Pase) kɛ Ca2+/H+ antiporters nɔ, ni no sɛɛ lɛ, ekɛ Ca2+ lɛ yaa shishifã lɛ nɔ yɛ gbɛ ni ejaaa nɔ. kɛ Cd mli nibii (P<0.05). Cd mli nibii lɛ ba shi kɛ Ca mli nibii ni tee hiɛ lɛ, ni enɛ kɛ susumɔ ni kɔɔ Ca kɛ Cd henyɛlɔi lɛ ahe lɛ kpãa gbee. Nibii ni yɔɔ srɔto lɛ amlipɛimɔ tsɔɔ akɛ, lime lɛ falɛ lɛ ná Ca ni yɔɔ Panax notoginseng shishifãi lɛ amli lɛ nɔ hewalɛ waa. Pongrac kɛ ekrokomɛi. 35 bɔ amaniɛ akɛ Cd kɛ oxalate ni yɔɔ calcium oxalate kristalo mli lɛ kpaa gbee ni ekɛ Ca yeɔ akaŋ. Shi kɛlɛ, Ca ni oxalate kudɔɔ lɛ he ehiaaa. Enɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, calcium oxalate ni oxalic acid kɛ Ca2+ feɔ lɛ mli nugbɔshiimɔ lɛ jeee nugbɔshiimɔ ni yɔɔ mlɛo, ni abaanyɛ atsɔ gbɛi srɔtoi ni haa mɔ he jɔɔ lɛ anɔ akudɔ nugbɔshiimɔ ni fata he lɛ.